Toward Prudent management of Water Resources in Iraq
Toward Prudent management of Water Resources in Iraq
复制标题
伊拉克水资源审慎管理
DOI：
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发表时间：
2011
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
S. Knutsson
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
N. Al‐Ansari;S. Knutsson
1977年，土耳其政府开始通过安纳托利亚东南部项目（GAP）利用底格里斯河和幼发拉底河的水。该项目包括22座大坝和19座水力发电厂，将灌溉17103平方公里的土地，总蓄水量为100平方公里，是伊拉克和叙利亚水库总蓄水量的三倍1990年以前，叙利亚过去每年从幼发拉底河获得21公里3的水，2000年下降到12公里3，伊拉克从1990年前的29公里3下降到现在的4.4公里3（减少90%）。这使两国的农业用地从650 10 3公顷减少到240 10 3公顷。伊拉克过去每年从底格里斯河获得20.9 km3的水，一旦Ilisu大坝建成，这可能会下降到9.7 km3，这意味着47%的河流流量将被耗尽。这意味着696 10 3公顷的农业用地将因缺水而被放弃。伊拉克境内底格里斯河和幼发拉底河流量的减少被视为国家危机，将对健康以及环境、工业和经济发展产生严重的不利后果。伊拉克政府应采取切实、迅速的措施，确保谨慎管理水资源，保障广大民众的生活和保护环境。
In 1977 the Turkish Government started to utilize the water of Tigris and Euphrates Rivers through South-eastern Anatolia Project (GAP). The project includes 22 dams and 19 hydraulic power plants which are to irrigate 17 10 3 km 2 of land with a total storage capacity of 100 km 3 which is three times more than the overall capacity of Iraq and Syrian reservoirs Prior to 1990, Syria used to receive 21 km 3 /year of the Euphrates water which dropped to 12km 3 in 2000 onward and for Iraq it dropped from 29 km 3 before 1990 to 4,4km 3 (90% reduction) now. This reduced agricultural land in both countries from 650 10 3 to 240 10 3 hectares. Iraq used to receive 20.9 km 3 /year of water from the Tigris River and once Ilisu dam is constructed, this is likely to drop to 9.7 km 3 which means that 47% of the river flow will be depleted. This means that 696 10 3 hectares of agricultural land will be abandoned due to water scarcity. The reduction of flow in the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers in Iraq is considered to be national crises and will have severe negative consequences on health and on environmental, industrial and economic development. It is believed that the Iraqi Government should take solid and fast measures to ensure prudent management of its water resources and to secure the life of huge sector of its society and protect the environment.