Neuropathological imaging:: in vivo detection of glial activation as a measure of disease and adaptive change in the brain
Neuropathological imaging:: in vivo detection of glial activation as a measure of disease and adaptive change in the brain
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DOI：
10.1093/bmb/65.1.121
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发表时间：
2003-01-01
影响因子：
6.7
通讯作者：
Banati, RB
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Banati, RB
神经胶质细胞形成一个结构和功能网络，具有复杂的细胞间通信途径，可以在它们之间以及与神经元之间进行快速和慢速信号传导。它们对正常突触传递发挥调节作用，并在疾病中改变它。越来越清楚的是，了解疾病条件下的大脑功能需要更好地解释体内神经胶质生理学的高度可塑性、与疾病相关的变化。特别是小胶质细胞，大脑中普遍存在但通常不显眼的免疫效应细胞，与许多脑部疾病密切相关。它们对微妙的、急性的和慢性的病理刺激做出快速且高度受限的反应。小胶质细胞激活的检测提供了对疾病诊断有用的形式参数，例如准确的空间定位、疾病进展以及远离疾病原发部位的继发性神经退行性或适应性变化。后者对于理解疾病引起的大脑可塑性具有潜在的相关性。现在正在进行系统的尝试，使用正电子发射断层扫描和对激活的小胶质细胞具有相对选择性的配体，开发用于细胞体内神经病理学的通用成像工具。
Glial cells form a structural and functional network with complex cell-cell communication pathways that enable fast and slow signalling amongst themselves as well as with neurons. They exert regulatory influence on normal synaptic transmission and alter it in disease. It is becoming increasingly clear that an understanding of brain function in disease conditions requires a better account of the highly plastic, disease-associated changes in glial physiology in vivo. Particularly, microglia, the brain's ubiquitous but normally inconspicuous immune effector cell, are prominently involved in many brain diseases. They respond rapidly and in a territorially highly confined way to subtle, acute and chronic pathological stimuli. Detection of microglial activation provides diagnostically useful formal parameters of disease, such as the accurate spatial localisation, disease progression and the secondary neurodegenerative or adaptive changes remote from the primary site of disease. The latter has potential relevance for the understanding of disease-induced brain plasticity. Systematic attempts are now undertaken, using positron emission tomography and a ligand with relative selectivity for activated microglia, to develop generic imaging tools for a cellular in vivo neuropathology.