Cardiovascular disease-risk benefits of clean fuel technology and policy: A statistical analysis
Cardiovascular disease-risk benefits of clean fuel technology and policy: A statistical analysis
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DOI：
10.1016/j.enpol.2009.11.013
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发表时间：
2010-02-01
期刊：
影响因子：
9
通讯作者：
Fischer, Amelia
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gallagher, Paul;Lazarus, William;Fischer, Amelia
这项研究的假设是，心血管疾病死亡率与特定地点的燃料消耗强度(以加仑/平方英里衡量)之间存在统计关系。在1974年美国出台《清洁空气法》(CAA)之前和2004年最近一次政策修订之后，我们使用全美的本地数据估计了心血管疾病死亡率与燃料消耗强度之间的横截面回归。心血管疾病发病率改善估计表明，在每平方英里燃油消耗最高的最大城市地区，每10万居民可避免多达60例心血管疾病死亡。例如，在纽约市，每年减少的死亡率可能价值约303亿美元。在全美，每年统计人寿(VSL)福利的估计价值为2027亿美元。可能有三个不可分割的原因对这种福利改善做出了重要贡献。首先，CAA法规禁止含铅汽油，并强制减少特定化学品和烟雾成分。其次，采用了汽车催化转化器(CC)和低颗粒物柴油发动机等技术。第三，生物燃料发挥了重要作用，使采用清洁空气技术成为可能，并取代了高排放燃料。(C)2009爱思唯尔有限公司。保留所有权利。
The hypothesis of this study is that there is a statistical relationship between the cardiovascular disease mortality rate and the intensity of fuel consumption (measured in gallons/square mile) at a particular location. We estimate cross-sectional regressions of the mortality rate due to cardiovascular disease against the intensity of fuel consumption using local data for the entire US, before the US Clean Air Act (CAA) in 1974 and after the most recent policy revisions in 2004. The cardiovascular disease rate improvement estimate suggests that up to 60 cardiovascular disease deaths per 100,000 residents are avoided in the largest urban areas with highest fuel consumption per square mile. In New York City, for instance, the mortality reduction may be worth about $30.3 billion annually. Across the US, the estimated Value of Statistical Life (VSL) benefit is $202.7 billion annually. There are likely three inseparable reasons that contributed importantly to this welfare improvement. First, the CAA regulations banned leaded gasoline, and mandated reduction in specific chemicals and smog components. Second, technologies such as the Catalytic Converter (CC) for the automobile and the low particulate diesel engine were adopted. Third, biofuels have had important roles, making the adoption of clean air technology possible and substituting for high emission fuels. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.