Traffic Flow Fundamentals
Traffic Flow Fundamentals
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发表时间：
1989-12
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通讯作者：
A. May
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作者：
A. May
这本教科书的目的是对交通流的基本原理进行深入的讲解。第一章是绪论。第2章，致力于微观流动特性，关注车辆之间的个别时间领先，特别强调平均值和分布形式。本章提出实证测量，描述相关的数学分布，建议评估程序，并提供选定的应用程序。第3章关注宏观流动特性，以流速表示，并关注时间、空间和模态模式。提供了经验证据，描述了分析技术，并提出了应用。第4章描述了在特定时间段内通过某一点或短段的单个车辆的微观速度特性。特别注意车辆在时间和空间上的速度轨迹以及个别速度测量的统计分析。第5章研究宏观速度特性，即车辆在一定时间内通过某一点或某一小段的速度。特别注意时间、空间和模态变化以及群速度测量的统计分析。旅行时间和延迟技术也包括在内。第6章专门讨论微观密度特性，它涉及车辆之间的个别距离，特别强调最小值和平均值。这一章广泛地介绍了汽车跟随理论和自动数据收集系统。第7章讨论宏观密度特性，其表示为占用一段道路的车辆数量。描述了密度测量技术，并特别注意密度等高线图。描述了使用密度等高线图的分析技术。本书的其余部分，从第8章到第13章，专门介绍了涉及总交通流量情况的分析技术；本章的主题分别是供需分析、通行能力分析、交通流模型、冲击波分析、排队分析和计算机仿真模型。提供了一个索引。
The purpose of this textbook is to provide an in-depth treatment of the fundamentals of traffic flow. Chapter 1 provides an introduction. Chapter 2, devoted to microscopic flow characteristics, is concerned with individual time headways between vehicles, with particular emphasis on mean values and distribution forms. The chapter presents empirical measurements, describes pertinent mathematical distributions, suggests evaluation procedures, and provides selected applications. Chapter 3 is concerned with macroscopic flow characteristics, which are expressed as flow rates, and attention is given to temporal, spatial, and modal patterns. Empirical evidence is provided, analytical techniques are described, and applications are presented. Chapter 4 describes microscopic speed characteristics of individual vehicles passing a point or short segment during a specified time period. Particular attention is given to vehicular speed trajectories over time and space as well as to statistical analysis of individual speed measurements. Chapter 5 is directed to macroscopic speed characteristics, which are concerned with the speed of groups of vehicles passing a point or short segment during a specified period. Particular attention is given to temporal, spatial, and modal variations as well as to statistical analysis of group speed measurements. Travel time and delay techniques are also included. Chapter 6 is devoted to microscopic density characteristics, which are concerned with individual distance headways between vehicles, with particular emphasis on minimum and average values. The chapter includes an extensive coverage of car-following theories and automatic data collection systems. Chapter 7 is concerned with macroscopic density characteristics, which are expressed as the number of vehicles occupying a section of roadway. Density measurement techniques are described and particular attention is given to density contour maps. Analytical techniques using density contour maps are described. The remaining portion of the book, Chapters 8 through 13, is devoted to analytical techniques involving the total traffic flow situation; chapter subjects are, respectively, demand-supply analysis, capacity analysis, traffic stream models, shock wave analysis, queueing analysis, and computer simulation models. An index is provided.