Tungsten bioavailability and toxicity in sunflowers (Helianthus annuus L.).
Tungsten bioavailability and toxicity in sunflowers (Helianthus annuus L.).
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DOI：
10.2462/09670513.939
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发表时间：
2009-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Goss, J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Johnson, D. R.;Inouye, L. S.;Goss, J.
钨（W）金属用于越来越多的工业和消费应用，从电子到军火。钨被植物吸收在自然土壤中，但数量有限的研究已经进行了植物对高浓度的钨由于人为活动的土壤。本研究旨在探讨钨在向日葵中的生物利用度和毒性。向日葵在已经老化六个月的掺钨Grenada-Loring田间土壤（Alfisol）中生长14天。当钨土浓度≥2600 mg kg-1时，向日葵总重量显着减少，当浓度大于或等于2600、325和3900 mg kg-1时，叶、茎和根重量分别显着减少。向日葵根和芽的长度也显着降低暴露后，钨水平≥3900 mg kg-1。在≥3900 mg kg-1时，光合色素叶绿素a和类胡萝卜素显著增加，而叶绿素B不受影响。钨在向日葵根和叶中以剂量依赖性方式生物累积，从土壤到植物组织，根的生物累积系数约为2倍。此外，向日葵表现出差异的钨物种在叶，茎和根的生物积累，根据钨土壤浓度。总之，向日葵可能是一个有用的植物修复植物钨含量低于2600毫克W kg-1的土壤。
Tungsten (W) metal is used in an increasing number of industrial and consumer applications, from electronics to munitions. Tungsten is taken up by plants in natural soils, yet a limited number of studies have been conducted on plant responses to high soil concentrations of tungsten due to anthropogenic activities. This study was conducted to examine tungsten bioavailability and toxicity in sunflower, Helianthus annuus. Sunflowers were grown for 14 days in tungsten-spiked Grenada-Loring field soil (Alfisol) that had been aged for six months. Sunflower total weight was significantly reduced at tungsten soil concentrations ≥2600 mg kg-1, with leaf, stem, and root weights significantly reduced at concentrations greater than or equal to 2600, 325, and 3900 mg kg-1, respectively. Sunflower root and shoot length was also significantly reduced after exposure to tungsten levels ≥3900 mg kg-1. Photosynthetic pigments chlorophyll a and carotenoids were significantly increased at ≥3900 mg kg-1, while chlorophyll b was unaffected. Tungsten was bioaccumulated in both sunflower roots and leaves in a dose-dependent manner, with roots having a bioaccumulation factor of approximately two-fold from soil to plant tissue. Furthermore, sunflowers showed differential bioaccumulation of tungsten species in leaves, stems and roots, based on tungsten soil concentrations. In conclusion, sunflower may be a useful phytoremediation plant for soils with tungsten levels below 2600 mg W kg-1.