Gender differences in personality traits across cultures: Robust and surprising findings
Gender differences in personality traits across cultures: Robust and surprising findings
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DOI：
10.1037//0022-3514.81.2.322
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发表时间：
2001-08-01
影响因子：
7.6
通讯作者：
McCrae, RR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Costa, PT;Terracciano, A;McCrae, RR
来自26种文化的修订的NEO人格量表数据的次要分析（N = 23，031）表明，性别差异相对于性别内的个体差异很小;对于大学年龄和成人样本，差异在不同文化中复制，并且差异与性别刻板印象大致一致：女性报告自己在神经质，可接受性，温暖和开放的感觉，而男性更高的主张和开放的想法。与进化理论的预测相反，性别差异的大小在不同的文化中有所不同。与社会角色模型的预测相反，性别差异在欧洲和美国文化中最为明显，在这些文化中，传统的性别角色被最小化。对这一令人惊讶的发现的可能解释进行了讨论，包括男性和女性的属性，行为的角色，而不是传统文化中的特征。
Secondary analyses of Revised NEO Personality Inventory data from 26 cultures (N = 23,031) suggest that gender differences are small relative to individual variation within genders; differences are replicated across cultures for both college-age and adult samples, and differences are broadly consistent with gender stereotypes: Women reported themselves to be higher in Neuroticism, Agreeableness, Warmth, and Openness to Feelings, whereas men were higher in Assertiveness and Openness to Ideas. Contrary to predictions from evolutionary theory, the magnitude of gender differences varied across cultures. Contrary to predictions from the social role model, gender differences were most pronounced in European and American cultures in which traditional sex roles are minimized. Possible explanations for this surprising finding are discussed, including the attribution of masculine and feminine, behaviors to roles rather than traits in traditional cultures.