Kinetochore composition and its function: lessons from yeasts.
Kinetochore composition and its function: lessons from yeasts.
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DOI：
10.1111/1574-6976.12049
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发表时间：
2014-03
影响因子：
11.3
通讯作者：
Y. Yamagishi;T. Sakuno;Yuhei Goto;Yoshinori Watanabe
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Y. Yamagishi;T. Sakuno;Yuhei Goto;Yoshinori Watanabe
细胞分裂过程中染色体的正确分离对增殖至关重要，而这是由着丝粒，组装在染色体着丝粒区域的大蛋白质复合物促进的。虽然着丝粒DNA的序列在生物体之间完全不同，但组装在着丝粒上的动粒的许多组分在真核生物中非常保守。为了确定着丝粒的身份，着丝粒蛋白A（CENP-A），这是同源的经典组蛋白H3，作为一个里程碑的动粒组装。动粒介导纺锤体与微管的连接，并控制有丝分裂和减数分裂过程中染色体的运动。为了进行可靠的染色体分离，动粒组装和微管附着受到精心调节。在这里，我们回顾了目前的理解的组成，装配，功能和调控的着丝粒揭示主要通过研究裂变和出芽酵母。此外，由于最近的累积证据表明，有丝分裂和减数分裂之间的显着不同的运动编排微管附着的方向的调节的重要性，我们特别关注这种调节的分子机制。
Proper chromosome segregation during cell division is essential for proliferation, and this is facilitated by kinetochores, large protein complexes assembled on the centromeric region of the chromosomes. Although the sequences of centromeric DNA differ totally among organisms, many components of the kinetochores assembled on centromeres are very well conserved among eukaryotes. To define the identity of centromeres, centromere protein A (CENP-A), which is homologous to canonical histone H3, acts as a landmark for kinetochore assembly. Kinetochores mediate spindle–microtubule attachment and control the movement of chromosomes during mitosis and meiosis. To conduct faithful chromosome segregation, kinetochore assembly and microtubule attachment are elaborately regulated. Here we review the current understanding of the composition, assembly, functions and regulation of kinetochores revealed mainly through studies on fission and budding yeasts. Moreover, because recent cumulative evidence suggests the importance of the regulation of the orientation of kinetochore–microtubule attachment, which differs distinctly between mitosis and meiosis, we focus especially on the molecular mechanisms underlying this regulation.