Can common mycorrhizal fungal networks be managed to enhance ecosystem functionality?
Can common mycorrhizal fungal networks be managed to enhance ecosystem functionality?
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DOI：
10.1002/ppp3.10178
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发表时间：
2021-09-01
影响因子：
5.1
通讯作者：
Johnson, David
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Alaux, Pierre-Louis;Zhang, Yaqian;Johnson, David
菌根真菌是土壤生物多样性的关键组成部分，有可能为土地管理提供可持续的解决方案，特别是在农业和林业方面。在受控环境下进行的几项研究表明，连接不同植物的常见菌根网络（CMNs）的关键功能属性受到管理措施的影响。在这里，我们强调需要考虑土地管理如何影响自然界中CMNs的普遍存在和功能，以最大限度地发挥菌根真菌在增强生态系统服务中的作用。我们强调，CMN有时会对工厂绩效产生负面影响，但在明确考虑CMN管理之前，对CMN的理解仍存在重大差距。大多数菌根真菌具有发展广泛的根外菌丝体的能力，因此有可能连接多个植物并形成一个“共同的菌根网络”。一些研究表明，这些网络可以影响植物的建立、营养、生产力和防御、营养分配和储存以及多营养相互作用。然而，这些研究中的许多都集中在生态环境中常见菌根网络的重要性上，而对人类依赖的管理系统，包括农田、草地、农林业和林业的重视程度较低。在这里，我们回顾了共同菌根网络在管理系统中潜在重要性的证据，并提供了如何有效管理这些网络以最大化管理系统的功能和输出的见解。我们还强调了常见菌根网络对植物性能可能产生的负面影响，并质疑菌根网络可能为增强生态系统服务提供灵丹妙药的流行观点。我们强调有必要更深入地了解常见菌根网络的普遍性、功能和对管理干预的反应，更重要的是，有必要确定这些网络在多大程度上可以增加促进菌根定植的价值。
Societal Impact Statement Mycorrhizal fungi are key components of soil biodiversity that offer potential to provide sustainable solutions for land management, notably in agriculture and forestry. Several studies conducted in controlled environments show that key functional attributes of common mycorrhizal networks (CMNs), which inter-link different plants, are influenced by management practices. Here, we highlight the need to consider how land management affects the ubiquity and function of CMNs in nature to maximize the role of mycorrhizal fungi in enhancing ecosystem services. We emphasize that CMNs can sometimes negatively affect aspects of plant performance, but there remain major gaps in understanding before explicit consideration of CMN management can be delivered. Most mycorrhizal fungi have the capacity to develop extensive extraradical mycelium, and thus have the potential to connect multiple plants and form a 'common mycorrhizal network'. Several studies have shown that these networks can influence plant establishment, nutrition, productivity and defense, nutrient distribution and storage, and multitrophic interactions. However, many of these studies have focused on the importance of common mycorrhizal networks in ecological contexts and there has been less emphasis in managed systems, including croplands, grassland, agroforestry and forestry, on which humankind relies. Here we review the evidence of the potential importance of common mycorrhizal networks in managed systems, and provide insight into how these networks could be managed effectively to maximize the functions and outputs from managed systems. We also emphasize possible negative effects of common mycorrhizal networks on plant performance and question popular views that mycorrhizal networks may offer a panacea for enhancing ecosystem services. We highlight the need to gain greater insight into the ubiquity, functioning, and response to management interventions of common mycorrhizal networks and, critically, the need to determine the extent to which these networks can add value to the promotion of mycorrhizal colonization.