Organizations, Self-Identities and the New Economy
Organizations, Self-Identities and the New Economy
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组织、自我认同和新经济
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发表时间：
2004
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通讯作者：
J. Webb
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作者：
J. Webb
这篇文章考察了先进资本主义社会中自我认同和组织变革之间的相互关系，这些社会的特征是放松市场管制、私有化和经济关系全球化。它比较了关于自我的两种截然不同的观点：反身性自我(吉登斯，1991)和被腐蚀的自我(塞尼特，1998)。吉登斯认为，当代组织不是在侵蚀意义，而是在自我认同方面提供更大程度的选择，并增强自反性和代理能力。塞尼特认为，新的经济形式会腐蚀性格和社会关系。使用以英国为主的数据的例子，有人认为，这两种说法都对自我和组织之间的相互作用提供了相关的见解，但都夸大了自己的情况。吉登斯对至少一部分人的自我认同的选择和意志主义进行了令人信服的描述。然而，他对“自我的计划”的描述助长了一种灵活的、商品化的自我的意识形态，以及对个性化自我成长潜力的过度膨胀的感觉。Sennett过分强调了组织和雇佣关系的变化程度，至少在英国是这样，但他指出了个人主义意识形态的破坏性影响，吉登斯的自我模型可能会对此做出贡献。文章认为，短期主义并不是当代组织实践中最具破坏性的因素。相反，雇主方面工具主义的增加导致了责任的增加，而没有有意义的自由裁量权和权力。雇主承诺在工作中赋予员工权力，与经历更沉重的负担和不确定的前景之间的差距，对信任和士气产生了负面影响。总而言之，我们认为性格不一定会被这种动力破坏：遭遇自决、反身性和个人主义的限制为批评新的经济形式提供了素材，公众对关心和相互依赖问题的关注就是明证。
The article examines the inter-relations between self-identity and organizational change in advanced capitalist societies characterized by deregulation of markets, privatization and globalizing economic relations. It compares two contrasting perspectives on selfhood: the reflexive self (Giddens, 1991) and the corroded self (Sennett, 1998). Giddens suggests that contemporary organizations, rather than eroding meaning, offer a greater degree of choice about self-identity, and enhance reflexivity and agency. Sennett suggests that new economic forms are corrosive of character and social relations. Using examples from predominantly British data, it is argued that both accounts offer relevant insights into the interplay between selfhood and organizations, but that each overstates their case. Giddens offers a persuasive account of the choice and voluntarism characterizing self-identity for at least a proportion of the population. His account of the ‘project of the self’, however, contributes to an ideology of the flexible, commodified self, and an overly inflated sense of the potential for individualized self-growth. Sennett over-emphasizes the extent of change in organization and employment relations, at least in the British case, but points to the damaging effects of an ideology of individualism, to which Giddens’ model of the self as project potentially contributes. The article argues that short-termism is not the most damaging element of contemporary organization practices. Instead increased instrumentalism on the part of employers results in the experience of increased responsibility without meaningful discretion and authority. The gap between employers’ promises to empower people at work and the experience of greater burdens and uncertain prospects has negative consequences for trust and morale. In conclusion, it is suggested that character is not necessarily undermined by such dynamics: encountering the limits of self-determination, reflexivity and individualism provides the material for critique of new economic forms, as evidenced by public concern with issues of care and mutual dependence.