Switch-like control of SREBP-2 transport triggered by small changes in ER cholesterol: a delicate balance.

Switch-like control of SREBP-2 transport triggered by small changes in ER cholesterol: a delicate balance.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.cmet.2008.10.008
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发表时间:
2008-12
期刊:
影响因子:
29
通讯作者:
Brown MS
Brown MS
中科院分区:
生物学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Radhakrishnan A;Goldstein JL;McDonald JG;Brown MS

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动物细胞在狭窄的范围内控制它们的膜脂质组成,但这种控制背后的传感机制在很大程度上是未知的。最近的研究揭示了一个蛋白质网络,控制一种脂质-胆固醇的水平。该网络位于内质网(ER)中。一个关键成分是Scap,一种结合胆固醇的四聚体ER膜蛋白。胆固醇结合阻止Scap将SREBP转运到高尔基体进行激活。使用一种新的方法来纯化ER膜从培养的细胞,我们在这里表明,Scap响应合作ER胆固醇水平。当ER胆固醇超过总ER脂质的5%时,SREBP-2转运/活化突然被阻断。当ER胆固醇福尔斯降至5%阈值以下时,它们恢复。当细胞过度表达一种Scap结合蛋白Insig-1时,5%的阈值降低到3%。胆固醇、Scap和Insig之间的协同作用产生了一个敏感的开关,可以非常精确地控制细胞膜的胆固醇组成。
Animal cells control their membrane lipid composition within narrow limits, but the sensing mechanisms underlying this control are largely unknown. Recent studies disclosed a protein network that controls the level of one lipid – cholesterol. This network resides in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). A key component is Scap, a tetrameric ER membrane protein that binds cholesterol. Cholesterol binding prevents Scap from transporting SREBPs to the Golgi for activation. Using a new method to purify ER membranes from cultured cells, we here show that Scap responds cooperatively to ER cholesterol levels. When ER cholesterol exceeds 5% of total ER lipids, SREBP-2 transport/activation are abruptly blocked. They resume when ER cholesterol falls below the 5% threshold. The 5% threshold is lowered to 3% when cells overexpress Insig-1, a Scap-binding protein. Cooperative interactions between cholesterol, Scap, and Insig create a sensitive switch that controls the cholesterol composition of cell membranes with remarkable precision.
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