CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF THE ORGANIC MATTER IN NEOLITHIC SOIL MATERIAL AS REVEALED BY CPMAS 13C NMR SPECTROSCOPY, POLYSACCHARIDE ANALYSIS, AND CuO OXIDATION
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF THE ORGANIC MATTER IN NEOLITHIC SOIL MATERIAL AS REVEALED BY CPMAS 13C NMR SPECTROSCOPY, POLYSACCHARIDE ANALYSIS, AND CuO OXIDATION
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CPMAS 13C NMR 光谱、多糖分析和 CuO 氧化揭示新石器时代土壤材料中有机质的化学成分
DOI：
10.1097/00010694-200109000-00001
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发表时间：
2001
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
I. Kögel‐Knabner
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
E. Schmid;H. Knicker;R. Bäumler;I. Kögel‐Knabner
位于上巴伐利亚州穆尔的考古遗址在整个新石器时代（公元前5500年至2700年）都有人居住。在该地区发现的各种坑和沟渠与周围的壤土不同，因为它们的填充物呈深棕色。虽然已经发现了一些人工制品，但在目前的研究阶段，无论是填充物的性质还是坑和沟的功能都没有得到很好的理解。因此，研究人员对在该聚落发现的11个新石器时代坑的30个填充物层的有机质组成进行了研究，并与附近的Luvisol剖面和当代Phaeozems的两个a层进行了比较。所有样品都进行了C和N分析、土壤亮度测量、固态13C CPMAS核磁共振（NMR）谱分析以及多糖和木质素分析。新石器时代样品的有机碳含量高于Luvisol层，但普遍低于由黄土发育而成的当代含磷土壤的A层。新石器时代的样品在黑暗中的强度比周围的Luvisol地平线要高得多。新石器时代样品的有机碳含量与亮度值相关。固态13C核磁共振测量显示，这种相关性主要是因为它们的芳香C含量，新石器时代样品中的芳香C含量比当代土壤中的要高得多。在新石器时代的样品中发现了少量的多糖和没有木质素衍生的酚。因此，填充新石器时代坑的有机物质在整体化学成分上与周围土壤有显著差异。它代表了一种高度改变，高度芳香的物质，没有木质素降解产物的证据，可能来自非土壤来源。
The archaeological site in Murr, Upper Bavaria, was settled throughout the entire Neolithic period, between 5500 and 2700 BC. Various pits and a ditch found in the area are distinct from the surrounding loamy soil because of the dark brown color of their filling materials. Although several artifacts have been discovered, at the present stage of research neither the nature of the filling material nor the function of pits and the ditch are well understood. Thus, the organic matter composition of 30 filling layers from 11 Neolithic pits found in this settlement was investigated and compared with that of a nearby Luvisol profile and two A horizons from contemporary Phaeozems. All samples were subjected to C and N analysis, soil lightness measurements, solid-state 13C CPMAS nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and polysaccharide and lignin analysis. The organic carbon contents are higher in the Neolithic samples than in the Luvisol horizons, but they are generally lower than in the A horizons of contemporary phaeozemic soils developed from loess. The Neolithic samples have a much higher intensity in darkness than do the surrounding Luvisol horizons. The organic carbon content of the Neolithic samples correlates with the lightness value. Solid-state 13C NMR measurements revealed that this correlation is primarily because of their aromatic C content, which is considerably higher in the Neolithic samples than in the contemporary soils. Small polysaccharide amounts and no lignin-derived phenols were found in the Neolithic samples. Thus, the organic material filling the Neolithic pits is significantly different in overall chemical composition from the surrounding soil. It represents a highly altered, highly aromatic material showing no evidence of lignin degradation products and probably deriving from nonsoil origins.