EFFECTS OF INHALABLE PARTICLES ON RESPIRATORY HEALTH OF CHILDREN
EFFECTS OF INHALABLE PARTICLES ON RESPIRATORY HEALTH OF CHILDREN
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DOI：
10.1164/ajrccm/139.3.587
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发表时间：
1989-03-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
FERRIS, BG
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
DOCKERY, DW;SPEIZER, FE;FERRIS, BG
结果来自第二次横断面评估的空气污染与儿童慢性呼吸系统健康的关系，参与了六个城市的空气污染和健康研究。在质量控制监测站收集的空气污染测量值包括总悬浮颗粒（TSP）、空气动力学直径小于15 μ m（PM 15）和2.5 μ m（PM2.5）的颗粒物、细组分气溶胶硫酸盐（FSO 4）、SO2、O3和NO2。在1980-1981学年，慢性咳嗽，支气管炎和胸部疾病的报告率与颗粒污染（TSP，PM 15，PM2.5和FSO 4）的所有措施呈正相关，但与两个病例（SO 2和NO 2）的浓度相关性较低。耳痛的频率也倾向于与颗粒物浓度相关，但没有发现与哮喘、持续性喘息、花粉热或非呼吸道疾病相关。污染物浓度与所考虑的任何肺功能指标（FVC、FEV 1、FEV0.75和MMEF）之间均无相关性。有喘息或哮喘病史的儿童呼吸道症状的患病率要高得多，有证据表明，空气污染物浓度和症状发生率之间的关联在具有这些气道反应过度标志物的儿童中更强。这些数据提供了进一步的证据，表明生活在颗粒物污染严重的城市中的儿童呼吸道疾病和症状的发病率升高。他们还认为，当暴露于这些污染物时，气道反应过度的儿童可能特别容易出现其他呼吸道症状。然而，污染物浓度与肺流量和肺容量测量之间缺乏相关性表明，这些患病率的增加与肺功能的永久性丧失无关，至少在青春期前是如此。
Results are presented from a second cross-sectional assessment of the association of air pollution with chronic respiratory health of children participating in the Six Cities Study of Air Pollution and Health. Air pollution measurements collected at quality-controlled monitoring stations included total suspended particles (TSP), particulate matter less than 15 .mu.m (PM15) and 2.5 .mu.m (PM2.5) aerodynamic diameter, fine fraction aerosol sulfate (FSO4), SO2, O3, and NO2. Reported rates of chronic cough, bronchitis, and chest illness during the 1980-1981 school year were positively associated with all measures of particulate pollution (TSP, PM15, PM2.5, and FSO4) an positively but less strongly associated with concentrations of two of the cases (SO2 and NO2). Frequency of earache also tended to be associated with particulate concentrations, but no associations were found with asthma, persistent wheeze, hay fever, or nonrespiratory illness. No associations were found between pollutant concentrations and any of the pulmonary function measures considered (FVC, FEV1, FEV0.75, and MMEF). Children with a history of wheeze or asthma had a much higher prevalence of respiratory symptoms, and there was some evidence that the association between air pollutant concentrations and symptom rates was stronger among children with these markers for hyperreactive airways. These data provide further evidence that rates of respiratory illnesses an symptoms are elevated among children living in cities with high particulate pollution. They also suggest that children with hyperreactive airways may be particularly susceptible to other respiratory symptoms when exposed to these pollutants. The lack of association between pollutant concentrations and measures of both pulmonary flow and volume suggests, however, that these increased rates of illness are not associated with permanent loss of pulmonary function, at least during the preadolescent years.