A review of heavy metal pollution levels and health risk assessment of urban soils in Chinese cities
A review of heavy metal pollution levels and health risk assessment of urban soils in Chinese cities
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DOI：
10.1007/s11356-017-0513-1
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发表时间：
2018-01-01
影响因子：
5.8
通讯作者：
Xiang, Bao
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Pan, Libo;Wang, Yue;Xiang, Bao
这项研究评估了2006-2016年间中国32个城市土壤中重金属(As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Pb、Ni、Zn和Hg)浓度及相关的人体健康风险的文献数据。8种金属元素的平均浓度均低于中国的土壤环境质量标准，但远高于大多数城市的背景值。富集系数(EF)和地质积累指数(I-Geo)值属于中等污染水平，可能受人类活动对Cd、Hg、Pb和Zn的影响。东部城市的污染水平远高于西部城市，不同类型城市的重金属浓度大小顺序为：工业城市>发达城市>大都市>欠发达城市。大多数城市的重金属人体健康风险评估表明，非致癌风险在阈值范围内(HI<；1)。在大多数城市地区，砷、铬和镍的总致癌风险大于1×10(-5)，但低于1×10(-4)。然而，在一些城市(例如宝鸡市、蒂源市和徐州市)，镍和铬对成年人和儿童都有潜在的致癌风险。与成年人相比，儿童可能受到土壤中重金属污染的更严重威胁。总体而言，我们建议将Cd、Hg和Pb选为中国城市需要控制的优先重金属污染物。
This study assessed literature-based data for the period 2006-2016 regarding heavy metal (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Ni, Zn, and Hg) concentrations in soils from 32 Chinese cities and the associated human health risks. The mean concentrations of the eight metals were lower than the soil environmental quality standards in China, but were much higher than the background values for most cities. The enrichment factor (EF) and geoaccumulation index (I-geo) values showed moderate pollution levels, possibly influenced by anthropogenic activity for Cd, Hg, Pb, and Zn. The pollution levels in eastern cities were much higher than those in western cities, and heavy metals concentrations in different types of cities followed the order: industrial based cities > more developed cities > metropoles > underdeveloped cities. The human health risk assessment for heavy metals in most cities indicated that non-carcinogenic risks were within threshold values (HI < 1). The total carcinogenic risk due to As, Cr, and Ni in most urban areas was in excess of 1 x 10(-5), but was lower than 1 x 10(-4). However, in some cities (e.g., Baoji City, Tiyuan City, and Xuzhou City), Ni and Cr have potential cancer risks for both adults and children. Compared to adults, children could be more seriously threatened by heavy metal contamination in soils. In general, we recommend that Cd, Hg, and Pb are selected as priority heavy metals pollutants that require control in Chinese cities.