Aerometric measurement and modeling of the mass of CO2 emissions from Crystal Geyser, Utah
Aerometric measurement and modeling of the mass of CO2 emissions from Crystal Geyser, Utah
复制标题
犹他州水晶间歇泉二氧化碳排放量的航空测量和建模
DOI：
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发表时间：
2005
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
S. J. Friedmann
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
F. Gouveia;M. R. Johnson;R. Leif;S. J. Friedmann
犹他州东部的水晶间歇泉是一个罕见的非地热间歇泉，它在周期性喷发时排放二氧化碳气体。这个间歇泉是来自深层储层的CO{sub 2}的最大单一来源。在本研究中，通过测量下风CO{sub 2}空气浓度，应用于大气弥散分析模型，估算了水晶间歇泉排放的CO{sub 2}量。在48小时的野外研究中发生了5次喷发，总共喷发了近3小时。火山爆发前的排放物也进行了计时和采样。在三次活跃喷发期间，缓慢的风将烟羽吹过了距离间歇泉25到100米的弧形采样网格。一个解析的、直线的高斯模型与浓度测量的模式相匹配。羽流宽度由随时间累积的CO{sub 2}浓度的最小二乘拟合确定。火山喷发期间CO{sub 2}排放率在2.6 ~ 5.8 kg/s之间，火山喷发前活动期间CO{sub 2}排放率约为0.17 kg/s。我们有限的实地研究可以推断出这个间歇泉每年排放12千吨CO{sub 2}。由于这是首次将高斯弥散建模和客观定时技术应用于任何类型间歇泉的CO{sub 2}排放，因此本研究证明了在未来更全面地应用该方法的可行性。«少
Crystal Geyser in eastern Utah is a rare, non-geothermal geyser that emits carbon dioxide gas in periodic eruptions. This geyser is the largest single source of CO{sub 2} originating from a deep reservoir. For this study, the amount of CO{sub 2} emitted from Crystal Geyser is estimated through measurements of downwind CO{sub 2} air concentration applied to an analytical model for atmospheric dispersion. Five eruptions occurred during the 48-hour field study, for a total of almost 3 hours of eruption. Pre-eruption emissions were also timed and sampled. Slow wind during three of the active eruptions conveyed the plume over a grid of samplers arranged in arcs from 25 to 100 m away from the geyser. An analytical, straight-line Gaussian model matched the pattern of concentration measurements. Plume width was determined from least-squares fit of the CO{sub 2} concentrations integrated over time. The CO{sub 2} emission rate was found to be between 2.6 and 5.8 kg/s during the eruption events, and about 0.17 kg/s during the active pre-eruptive events. Our limited field study can be extrapolated to an annual CO{sub 2} emission of 12 kilotonnes from this geyser. As this is the first application of Gaussian dispersion modeling and objective timingmore » to CO{sub 2} emissions from a geyser of any type, the present study demonstrates the feasibility of applying this method more completely in the future.« less