Dangers of Being Thin and Weak
Dangers of Being Thin and Weak
复制标题
瘦弱的危险
作者：
Kelin Wang;M. Kinoshita
海洋钻探数据显示，2011年日本东北大地震的大海沟破裂发生在一个薄而弱的断层带上。为什么在2011年3月11日日本海沟的板块边界断层滑动了几十米，从而引发了毁灭性的海啸？断层浅部的大滑动是否代表了俯冲带的共同过程，还是反映了特定地点的地质条件？日本海沟快速钻探项目（JFAST）的研究人员利用科学钻探船“千球号”（Chikyu），在钻探技术的极限下，在罪魁祸首断裂带检索了岩石样本，并进行了测量，以寻求答案。他们的研究结果发表在本期杂志的三篇论文中。Chester et al.（1208(1)）、Fulton et al.（1214(2)）和Ujiie et al.（1211(3)）基于不同类型的观测，认为造成大滑动的一个重要原因是浅层断裂带薄而弱。
Ocean drilling data show that the large trench-breaching rupture of the 2011 Tohoku-Oki earthquake occurred along a thin and weak fault zone. Why did the plate boundary fault at the Japan Trench slip tens of meters to generate a devastating tsunami in the Tohoku–Oki earthquake on 11 March 2011? Does the large slip in the shallow part of the fault represent a common process in subduction zones, or does it reflect site-specific geological conditions? Using the scientific drilling vessel Chikyu and working at the limit of drilling technology, researchers of the Japan Trench Fast Drilling Project (JFAST) have retrieved rock samples and made measurements in the culprit fault zone to seek answers. Their findings are reported in three papers in this issue. Based on different types of observations, Chester et al. on page 1208 (1), Fulton et al. on page 1214 (2), and Ujiie et al. on page 1211 (3) show that an important reason for the large slip is that the shallow fault zone is thin and weak.