Underlying geology and climate interactively shape climate change refugia in mountain streams
Underlying geology and climate interactively shape climate change refugia in mountain streams
复制标题
底层地质和气候相互作用塑造山间溪流中的气候变化保护区
DOI：
10.1002/ecm.1566
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发表时间：
2023
影响因子：
6.1
通讯作者：
Nakamura Futoshi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Ishiyama Nobuo;Sueyoshi Masanao;Garcia Molinos Jorge;Iwasaki Kenta;Negishi Junjiro N.;Koizumi Itsuro;Nagayama Shigeya;Nagasaka Akiko;Nagasaka Yu;Nakamura Futoshi
确定气候变化避难所是减少全球变暖影响的关键适应策略。了解下垫层地质对沿气候梯度的热状态的影响以及对地质控制的热状态的生态响应，对于规划适当的气候适应策略至关重要。在本研究中，该流域火山岩的优势被用作冷地下水输入的景观尺度替代品，以阐明沿气候梯度的河流生态系统中潜在地质的重要性。首先，利用分布在多个流域的数百个监测站，我们探索了日本列岛沿气候梯度的流域地质与夏季山溪平均水温之间的关系。夏季平均水温除具有独立影响外，还具有流域地质与气候的相互作用。研究区火山岩支撑的降温效应高达3.3℃，在夏季降水较少或气温较低的河流中更为明显。接下来，我们研究了火山流在当代和未来气候条件下作为冷避难所的功能。群落组成分析表明，与非火山溪流相比，火山溪流拥有由更多冷水物种组成的独特溪流群落。基于多个全球气候模式和代表性浓度路径（Representative Concentration Pathways, rcp）的情景分析揭示了一个与地质相关的冷水物种热生境丧失模式。即使在最低排放情景下（RCP 2.6），非火山流在适合lotic sculptes的热生境中也迅速减少。相比之下，大多数火山流将持续低于热阈值，特别是在低水平和中等水平排放情景下（RCP 2.6, 4.5）。然而，火山溪流中不同的溪流群落和地质依赖的lotic sculpins栖息地丧失并不均匀，在夏季降水较少或气温较低的溪流中更为明显。这些发现强调，要有效地管理山涧中气候变化避难所，必须同时考虑潜在的地质、气候变率及其相互作用。
Identifying climate‐change refugia is a key adaptation strategy for reducing global warming impacts. Knowledge of the effects of underlying geology on thermal regime along climate gradients and the ecological responses to the geology‐controlled thermal regime is essential to plan appropriate climate adaptation strategies. In the present study, the dominance of volcanic rocks in the watershed is used as a landscape‐scale surrogate for cold groundwater inputs to clarify the importance of underlying geology in stream ecosystems along climate gradients. First, using hundreds of monitoring stations distributed across multiple catchments, we explored the relationship between watershed geology and the mean summer water temperature of mountain streams along climate gradients in the Japanese archipelago. Mean summer water temperature was explained by the interaction between the watershed geology and climate in addition to independent effects. The cooling effect supported by volcanic rocks reached up to 3.3°C among study regions, which was more pronounced in streams with less summer precipitation or lower air temperatures. Next, we examined the function of volcanic streams as cold refugia under contemporary and future climatic conditions. Community composition analyses revealed that volcanic streams hosted distinct stream communities composed of more cold‐water species compared with nonvolcanic streams. Scenario analyses based on multiple global climate models and Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) revealed a geology‐related pattern of thermal habitat loss for cold‐water species. Nonvolcanic streams rapidly declined in thermally suitable habitats for lotic sculpins even under the lowest emission scenario (RCP 2.6). In contrast, most volcanic streams will be sustained below the thermal threshold, especially for low‐ and mid‐level emission scenarios (RCP 2.6, 4.5). However, the distinct stream community in volcanic streams and geology‐dependent habitat loss for lotic sculpins was not uniform and were more pronounced in streams with less summer precipitation or lower air temperatures. These findings highlight that underlying geology, climate variability, and their interaction should be considered simultaneously for the effective management of climate‐change refugia in mountain streams.