Neural mechanisms of selective visual attention.
Neural mechanisms of selective visual attention.
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DOI：
10.1146/annurev.ne.18.030195.001205
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发表时间：
1995
影响因子：
13.9
通讯作者：
R. Desimone;J. Duncan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
R. Desimone;J. Duncan
定义视觉注意力问题的两个基本现象可以用一个简单的例子来说明。考虑图1中每个面板中显示的数组。在一个典型的实验中，在展示这些字母之前，受试者会被要求报告一种颜色的字母（目标，这里是黑色字母），而忽略另一种颜色的字母（非目标，这里是白色字母）。然后，阵列会短暂地闪烁，受试者没有任何眼球运动的机会，会给出他们的报告。显示器模仿我们的。通常杂乱的视觉环境：它包含一个或多个与当前行为相关的对象，以及沿着其他不相关的对象。第一个基本现象是处理信息的能力有限。在任何给定的时间，只有少量的视网膜上可用的信息可以被处理和用于控制行为。主观上，关注任何一个目标都会减少其他目标的可用性。在图1中，报告目标字母N的概率在有两个伴随目标的情况下（图1a）比没有伴随目标的情况下（图1b）低得多。第二个基本现象是选择性--过滤掉不需要的信息的能力。在主观上，一个人意识到了被关注的刺激，而在很大程度上没有意识到被忽视的刺激。相应地，识别关注刺激的准确性可能与显示器中非目标的数量无关（图1a和图1 e）（见Bundesen，1990;邓肯，1980）。
The two basic phenomena that define the problem of visual attention can be illustrated in a simple example. Consider the arrays shown in each panel of Figure 1. In a typical experiment, before the arrays were presented, subjects would be asked to report letters appearing in one color (targets, here black letters), and to disregard letters in the other color (nontargets, here white letters). The array would then be briefly flashed, and the subjects, without any opportunity for eye movements, would give their report. The display mimics our. usual cluttered visual environment: It contains one or more objects that are relevant to current behavior, along with others that are irrelevant. The first basic phenomenon is limited capacity for processing information. At any given time, only a small amount of the information available on the retina can be processed and used in the control of behavior. Subjectively, giving attention to any one target leaves less available for others. In Figure 1, the probability of reporting the target letter N is much lower with two accompa nying targets (Figure la) than with none (Figure Ib). The second basic phenomenon is selectivity-the ability to filter out un wanted information. Subjectively, one is aware of attended stimuli and largely unaware of unattended ones. Correspondingly, accuracy in identifying an attended stimulus may be independent of the number of nontargets in a display (Figure la vs Ie) (see Bundesen 1990, Duncan 1980).