Aberrant Face and Gaze Habituation in Fragile X Syndrome
Aberrant Face and Gaze Habituation in Fragile X Syndrome
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DOI：
10.1176/appi.ajp.2014.13111464
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发表时间：
2014-10-01
影响因子：
17.7
通讯作者：
Reiss, Allan L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Bruno, Jennifer Lynn;Garrett, Amy S.;Reiss, Allan L.
目的：作者试图研究脆性X综合征患者的神经系统对面部和眼睛凝视的习惯化，脆性X综合征是一种以眼睛凝视厌恶为特征的疾病，以及其他社会和认知缺陷。参与者（年龄15-25岁）30例脆性X综合征患者（女性，N=14）和25名没有脆性X综合征的个体（女性，N=12）的对照组在一般认知能力和自闭症症状方面相匹配。功能性磁共振成像（fMRI）被用来评估在凝视习惯化任务的大脑激活。参与者观看了重复介绍的四个独特的面孔，无论是直接或避开眼睛的凝视和判断的方向gaze.Results：四名参与者（男性，N=4/4;脆性X综合征，N=3）被排除在外，因为过度的头部运动在功能磁共振成像扫描。两组之间的行为表现没有差异。神经习惯化（和显着的敏感化）较少。脆性X综合征组的扣带回、梭状回和额叶皮层对所有面孔（直视和转移目光）的反应都很明显。女性参与者的左梭形习惯与更高，更典型的脆性X智力低下蛋白水平直接相关，与自闭症症状呈负相关。有没有证据表明差异习惯直接凝视相比，回避的目光内或之间groups.Conclusions：受损的习惯性和加重敏感化反应的脸/眼睛的凝视分布在多个层次的神经处理。这些结果可以帮助提供干预措施，如脱敏治疗，这可能有助于脆性X综合征患者调节与眼睛凝视相关的焦虑和唤醒，从而改善社会功能。
Objective: The authors sought to investigate neural system habituation to face and eye gaze in fragile X syndrome, a disorder characterized by eye-gaze aversion, among other social and cognitive deficits.Method: Participants (ages 15-25 years) were 30 individuals with fragile X syndrome (females, N=14) and a comparison group of 25 individuals without fragile X syndrome (females, N=12) matched for general cognitive ability and autism symptoms. Functional MRI (fMRI) was used to assess brain activation during a gaze habituation task. Participants viewed repeated presentations of four unique faces with either direct or averted eye gaze and judged the direction of eye gaze.Results: Four participants (males, N=4/4; fragile X syndrome, N=3) were excluded because of excessive head motion during fMRI scanning. Behavioral performance did not differ between the groups. Less neural habituation (and significant sensitization) in the. fragile X syndrome group was found in the cingulate gyrus, fusiform gyrus, and frontal cortex in response to all faces (direct and averted gaze). Left fusiform habituation in female participants was directly correlated with higher, more typical levels of the fragile X mental retardation protein and inversely correlated with autism symptoms. There was no evidence for differential habituation to direct gaze compared with averted gaze within or between groups.Conclusions: Impaired habituation and accentuated sensitization in response to face/eye gaze was distributed across multiple levels of neural processing. These results could help inform interventions, such as desensitization therapy, which may help patients with fragile X syndrome modulate anxiety and arousal associated with eye gaze, thereby improving social functioning.