Psychological and Psychophysiological Considerations Regarding the Maternal-Fetal Relationship
Psychological and Psychophysiological Considerations Regarding the Maternal-Fetal Relationship
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DOI：
10.1002/icd.651
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发表时间：
2010-01-01
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
DiPietro, Janet A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
DiPietro, Janet A.
最早的关系并不是从出生就开始的。孕妇构建胎儿的心理表征，并且在怀孕过程中，归属感或“母亲-胎儿依恋”的感觉通常会增加。虽然有相当多的文献讨论了母胎关系心理特征的发展和调节，包括超声成像的作用，但人们对产妇心理功能影响胎儿的方式知之甚少。母亲压力和焦虑的倾向水平与胎儿心率和运动活动方面适度相关。这两种诱发的母亲唤醒和放松产生相当直接的改变胎儿的神经行为;最一致观察到的胎儿对母亲的心理状态的变化的反应涉及运动活动的抑制。这些影响可能是介导的，部分是由胎儿的定向反应，在子宫内环境的变化。相反，有证据表明，胎儿的行为引起母体的生理反应。整合这一发现到一个更动态的模型的母胎二分体，产后的关系和影响进行了讨论。对出生前时期的研究为发展科学家提供了巨大的机会，以促进对人类依恋起源的理解。版权所有（C）2010约翰威利父子有限公司
The earliest relationship does not begin with birth. Pregnant women construct mental representations of the fetus, and the feelings of affiliation or 'maternal-fetal attachment' generally increase over the course of gestation. While there is a fairly substantial literature on the development and moderation of psychological features of the maternal-fetal relationship, including the role of ultrasound imaging, relatively little is known about the manner in which maternal psychological functioning influences the fetus. Dispositional levels of maternal stress and anxiety are modestly associated with aspects of fetal heart rate and motor activity. Both induced maternal arousal and relaxation generate fairly immediate alterations to fetal neurobehaviors; the most consistently observed fetal response to changes in maternal psychological state involves suppression of motor activity. These effects may be mediated, in part, by an orienting response of the fetus to changes in the intrauterine environment. Conversely, there is evidence that fetal behaviors elicit maternal physiological responses. Integration of this finding into a more dynamic model of the maternal-fetal dyad, and implications for the postnatal relationship are discussed. Research on the period before birth affords tremendous opportunity for developmental scientists to advance understanding of the origins of the human attachment. Copyright (C) 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.