Variable Species Responses to Experimental Stony Coral Tissue Loss Disease (SCTLD) Exposure
Variable Species Responses to Experimental Stony Coral Tissue Loss Disease (SCTLD) Exposure
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DOI：
10.3389/fmars.2021.670829
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发表时间：
2021-04-30
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Brandt, Marilyn E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Meiling, Sonora S.;Muller, Erinn M.;Brandt, Marilyn E.
2014年，石珊瑚组织丧失病（SCH 40）最初在佛罗里达被记录在案，此后在整个北方加勒比地区的不同地区出现了具有类似特征的爆发，导致珊瑚群落显著减少。珊瑚虫病的特点是组织迅速丧失造成裸露骨骼的局部或多灶性病变，至少影响到22种加勒比造礁珊瑚。2019年1月，在位于Flat Cay的圣托马斯南海岸外的美属维尔京群岛（USVI）首次观察到与SCO 2病例定义一致的组织损失疾病。本研究的目的是表征物种的易感性，目前在圣托马斯在一个受控的实验室传播实验中的疾病。将六种珊瑚（Colpophyllia natans，Montastraea cavernosa，Orbicella annularis，Porites astreoides，Pseudodiploria strigosa和Siderastrea siderea）的碎片与（但不物理接触）SCTLD影响的Diploria crystiformis菌落同时孵育，并在8天的实验期内监测病变外观。来自每个相应的珊瑚基因型的配对片段等同地暴露于明显健康的D.作为对照;在整个实验过程中，这些碎片都没有出现病变。当组织损失病变出现并在疾病治疗中进展时，受影响的珊瑚片段及其相应的对照基因被移除并保存以供将来分析。基于疾病患病率和发病率、病变发展的相对风险和病变进展率等指标，O。annularis、环纹隐翅虫C. natans和S. siderea显示出最大的易感性，SCRENIA在USVI。与其他物种相比，这些物种表现出较早的平均病变发展、较高的病变发展相对风险、较高的病变患病率和较快的病变进展率，其中一些物种基于实地观察被认为更易感（例如，Strigosa）。本研究的平均传播率与佛罗里达的水箱研究相当，尽管疾病供体物种不同。我们的研究结果表明，影响美属维尔京群岛珊瑚礁的组织损失疾病与在其他地区，特别是佛罗里达观察到的动物流行病学相似。
Stony coral tissue loss disease (SCTLD) was initially documented in Florida in 2014 and outbreaks with similar characteristics have since appeared in disparate areas throughout the northern Caribbean, causing significant declines in coral communities. SCTLD is characterized by focal or multifocal lesions of denuded skeleton caused by rapid tissue loss and affects at least 22 reef-building species of Caribbean corals. A tissue-loss disease consistent with the case definition of SCTLD was first observed in the U.S. Virgin Islands (USVI) in January of 2019 off the south shore of St. Thomas at Flat Cay. The objective of the present study was to characterize species susceptibility to the disease present in St. Thomas in a controlled laboratory transmission experiment. Fragments of six species of corals (Colpophyllia natans, Montastraea cavernosa, Orbicella annularis, Porites astreoides, Pseudodiploria strigosa, and Siderastrea siderea) were simultaneously incubated with (but did not physically contact) SCTLD-affected colonies of Diploria labyrinthiformis and monitored for lesion appearance over an 8 day experimental period. Paired fragments from each corresponding coral genotype were equivalently exposed to apparently healthy colonies of D. labyrinthiformis to serve as controls; none of these fragments developed lesions throughout the experiment. When tissue-loss lesions appeared and progressed in a disease treatment, the affected coral fragment, and its corresponding control genet, were removed and preserved for future analysis. Based on measures including disease prevalence and incidence, relative risk of lesion development, and lesion progression rates, O. annularis, C. natans, and S. siderea showed the greatest susceptibility to SCTLD in the USVI. These species exhibited earlier average development of lesions, higher relative risk of lesion development, greater lesion prevalence, and faster lesion progression rates compared with the other species, some of which are considered to be more susceptible based on field observations (e.g., P. strigosa). The average transmission rate in the present study was comparable to tank studies in Florida, even though disease donor species differed. Our findings suggest that the tissue loss disease affecting reefs of the USVI has a similar epizootiology to that observed in other regions, particularly Florida.