Aberrant RNA Splicing in Cancer and Drug Resistance.

Aberrant RNA Splicing in Cancer and Drug Resistance.
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DOI:
10.3390/cancers10110458
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发表时间:
2018-11-20
期刊:
影响因子:
5.2
通讯作者:
Lee NH
Lee NH
中科院分区:
医学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Wang BD;Lee NH

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在20,000到25,000个转录的人类基因中,超过95%的基因经历了选择性RNA剪接,这增加了蛋白质组的多样性。来自同一基因的同种异构体可以具有不同的,在某些情况下,相反的功能。越来越多的证据表明,异常RNA剪接是癌症发生和发展的一个常见和驱动事件。此外,在癌症中,导致药物/治疗耐药的异常剪接事件远比之前预想的要常见得多。在这篇综述中,将讨论癌症相关基因的异常剪接事件,即BCL2L1、FAS、HRAS、CD44、Cyclin D1、CASP2、TMPRSS2-ERG、FGFR2、VEGF、AR和KLF6。此外,还强调了异常剪接变体(BCR-Abl35INS、BIM-γ、IK6、p61 BRAF V600E、CD19-∆2、AR-V7和PIK3CD-S)在促进癌症靶向治疗或免疫治疗耐药方面的功能后果。为了克服耐药性,我们讨论了开发新策略的机会,以专门针对异常剪接变异体或产生剪接变异体的剪接机制。治疗方法包括开发剪接变异体特异性sirna、剪接开关反义寡核苷酸和靶向剪接因子、剪接因子激酶或异常致癌蛋白亚型的小分子抑制剂。
More than 95% of the 20,000 to 25,000 transcribed human genes undergo alternative RNA splicing, which increases the diversity of the proteome. Isoforms derived from the same gene can have distinct and, in some cases, opposing functions. Accumulating evidence suggests that aberrant RNA splicing is a common and driving event in cancer development and progression. Moreover, aberrant splicing events conferring drug/therapy resistance in cancer is far more common than previously envisioned. In this review, aberrant splicing events in cancer-associated genes, namely BCL2L1, FAS, HRAS, CD44, Cyclin D1, CASP2, TMPRSS2-ERG, FGFR2, VEGF, AR and KLF6, will be discussed. Also highlighted are the functional consequences of aberrant splice variants (BCR-Abl35INS, BIM-γ, IK6, p61 BRAF V600E, CD19-∆2, AR-V7 and PIK3CD-S) in promoting resistance to cancer targeted therapy or immunotherapy. To overcome drug resistance, we discuss opportunities for developing novel strategies to specifically target the aberrant splice variants or splicing machinery that generates the splice variants. Therapeutic approaches include the development of splice variant-specific siRNAs, splice switching antisense oligonucleotides, and small molecule inhibitors targeting splicing factors, splicing factor kinases or the aberrant oncogenic protein isoforms.
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