Political parties in parliamentary democracies: Making delegation and accountability work
Political parties in parliamentary democracies: Making delegation and accountability work
复制标题
议会民主国家的政党：使授权和问责制发挥作用
DOI：
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发表时间：
2000
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
W. Müller
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
W. Müller
在现代民主国家，政党的存在是因为(1)它们降低了选举、议会和政府领域的交易成本，(2)有助于克服集体行动的困境。在西欧，政党是使政治授权和问责制的宪法链在实践中发挥作用的核心机制。担任公职的政党代表最终是议会外政党组织的代理人。为了遏制代理损失，政党依赖于政党内部机制和公共规则中政党权利的制度化，与美国政党不同的是，他们应用了所有的事前和事后机制。一般来说，在授权链的下游，当事人的作用越弱。
In modern democracies politicalparties exist because (1) they reduce transactioncosts in the electoral, parliamentary and governmentalarenas and (2) help overcome the dilemma of collectiveaction. In Western Europe political parties are the central mechanism to make the constitutionalchain of political delegation and accountability workin practice. Party representatives in public officeare ultimately the agents of the extra-parliamentaryparty organization. In order to contain agency lossparties rely on party-internal mechanisms and theinstitutionalisation of party rights in public rulesand, in contrast to US parties, they apply the fullrange of ex ante and ex post mechanisms.Generally, the role of party is weaker the furtherdown the chain of delegation.