Macronutrients modulate survival to infection and immunity in Drosophila
Macronutrients modulate survival to infection and immunity in Drosophila
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DOI：
10.1111/1365-2656.13126
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发表时间：
2020-02-01
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
Simpson, Stephen J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Ponton, Fleur;Morimoto, Juliano;Simpson, Stephen J.
免疫力和营养是个体健康的两个基本调节器。然而，虽然免疫功能和营养对个体寿命和生殖的影响已经得到很好的确定，但对摄食行为、感染和免疫功能之间的相互作用仍然知之甚少。询问生态和生理因素如何影响免疫反应和对感染的抵抗力是生态免疫学的中心主题。在这项研究中，我们使用果蝇，果蝇，调查感染如何通过脓毒性损伤调节营养摄入量和大量营养素平衡如何影响生存感染的致病性革兰氏阳性菌微球菌luteus。我们的研究结果表明，受感染的苍蝇保持碳水化合物的摄入，但减少蛋白质的摄入，从而从蛋白质与碳水化合物（P：C）的比例约1：4到约1：10相对于非感染和假感染的苍蝇。引人注目的是，在M.当苍蝇被喂食低磷高碳饮食时，黄体感染显著降低，这表明苍蝇将其大量营养素摄入作为对抗细菌感染的营养自我药物的手段。这些结果可能是由于大量营养素平衡对先天免疫基因组成型表达的调节的影响，因为低磷高碳饮食与关键抗菌肽表达的上调有关。总之，我们的研究结果揭示了大量营养素摄入和抵抗感染之间的复杂关系，并将代谢和免疫途径之间的分子串扰整合到营养免疫学的框架中。
Immunity and nutrition are two essential modulators of individual fitness. However, while the implications of immune function and nutrition on an individual's lifespan and reproduction are well established, the interplay between feeding behaviour, infection and immune function remains poorly understood. Asking how ecological and physiological factors affect immune responses and resistance to infections is a central theme of eco-immunology. In this study, we used the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, to investigate how infection through septic injury modulates nutritional intake and how macronutrient balance affects survival to infection by the pathogenic Gram-positive bacterium Micrococcus luteus. Our results show that infected flies maintain carbohydrate intake, but reduce protein intake, thereby shifting from a protein-to-carbohydrate (P:C) ratio of ~1:4 to ~1:10 relative to non-infected and sham-infected flies. Strikingly, the proportion of flies dying after M. luteus infection was significantly lower when flies were fed a low-P high-C diet, revealing that flies shift their macronutrient intake as means of nutritional self-medication against bacterial infection. These results are likely due to the effects of the macronutrient balance on the regulation of the constitutive expression of innate immune genes, as a low-P high-C diet was linked to an upregulation in the expression of key antimicrobial peptides. Together, our results reveal the intricate relationship between macronutrient intake and resistance to infection and integrate the molecular cross-talk between metabolic and immune pathways into the framework of nutritional immunology.