Assessing the contribution of breeds to genetic diversity in conservation schemes
Assessing the contribution of breeds to genetic diversity in conservation schemes
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DOI：
10.1051/gse:2002027
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发表时间：
2002-09-01
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
Meuwissen, THE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Eding, H;Crooijmans, RPMA;Meuwissen, THE
种群内和种群间的遗传多样性的定量评估对于遗传保护计划的决策是重要的。本文定义种群集S的遗传多样性为由种群集S产生的随机交配种群所能获得的最大遗传方差。首先计算种群对遗传多样性重叠最小的核心种群集的相对贡献率。这意味着核心集合中的平均亲属关系应该是最小的。上述多样性的定义与Weitzman多样性的不同之处在于，它试图保护创始人群体(从而将等位基因的损失降至最低)，而Weitzman多样性有利于许多近交系的保护。前者在近交系遭受近亲交配衰退的物种中更受欢迎。通过一个涉及45个荷兰家禽品种的实例说明了该方法的应用。使用的计算很容易实现，而且不需要大量使用计算机。该方法根据品种对遗传多样性的贡献对品种进行了排名。不同亚群的遗传多样性损失在2.1%~4.5%之间，而方正基因组等价物的损失在22.9%~39.3%之间。
The quantitative assessment of genetic diversity within and between populations is important for decision making in genetic conservation plans. In this paper we define the genetic diversity of a set of populations, S, as the maximum genetic variance that can be obtained in a random mating population that is bred from the set of populations S. First we calculated the relative contribution of populations to a core set of populations in which the overlap of genetic diversity was minimised. This implies that the mean kinship in the core set should be minimal. The above definition of diversity differs from Weitzman diversity in that it attempts to conserve the founder population (and thus minimises the loss of alleles), whereas Weitzman diversity favours the conservation of many inbred lines. The former is preferred in species where inbred lines suffer from inbreeding depression. The application of the method is illustrated by an example involving 45 Dutch poultry breeds. The calculations used were easy to implement and not computer intensive. The method gave a ranking of breeds according to their contributions to genetic diversity. Losses in genetic diversity ranged from 2.1% to 4.5% for different subsets relative to the entire set of breeds, while the loss of founder genome equivalents ranged from 22.9% to 39.3%.