Cryospheric change in China
Cryospheric change in China
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中国冰冻圈变化
DOI：
10.1016/j.gloplacha.2008.02.001
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发表时间：
2008-06-01
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Shen, Yongping
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Li, Xin;Cheng, Guodong;Shen, Yongping
本文概述了中国冰冻圈的现状及其变化。根据最新资料，总结了中国冰冻圈的最新统计资料。中国有46，377条冰川，面积59，425 km（2）。冰川冰储量估计约为5600 km（3），年冰川径流量约为61.6 x 10（9）m（3）。中国的连续积雪范围（< 60天）约为3.4 × 10（6）km（2），最大水当量为95.9 × 10（9）m（3）yr（-1）。中国的冻土面积约为1.72 × 10（6）km（2）。据估计，青藏高原的地面冰总储量约为10，923 km（3）。最近的调查表明，在过去的45年里，中国的冰川面积缩小了2-10%。冰川总面积减少了约5.5%。雪量略有增加。多年冻土退化明显，表现为多年冻土面积缩小，活动层深度增加，多年冻土下限升高，季节性冻土厚度变薄。一些模型预测，到2050年，冰川面积萎缩可能高达26.7%，冰川径流量将在2030年左右达到最大值。虽然中国西部的雪量有增加的趋势，但在中国东部，雪量有减少的趋势，年际波动增大。多年冻土退化可能会继续，预计到2100年，青藏高原三分之一到二分之一的多年冻土将退化。大部分高温永久冻土将消失。中国东北的冻土将进一步向北退缩。(c)2008 Elsevier B. V.保留所有权利。
This paper provides an overview of the current status of the cryosphere in China and its changes. Up-to-date statistics of the cryosphere in China are summarized based on the latest available data. There are 46,377 glaciers in China, covering an area of 59,425 km(2). The glacier ice reserve is estimated to be about 5600 km(3) and the annual glacier runoff is about 61.6 x 10(9) m(3). The continuous snow cover extent (< 60 days) in China is about 3.4 x 10(6) km(2) and the maximum water equivalent is 95.9 x 10(9) m(3) yr(-1). The permafrost area in China is about 1.72 x 10(6) km(2). The total ground ice reserve on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau is estimated to be about 10,923 km(3). Recent investigations indicated that glacier areas in China have shrunk about 2-10% over the past 45 yr. Total glacier area has receded by about 5.5%. Snow mass has increased slightly. Permafrost is clearly degrading, as indicated by shrinking areas of permafrost, increasing depth of the active layer, rising of lower limit of permafrost, and thinning of the seasonal frost depth. Some models predict that glacier area shrinkage could be as high as 26.7% in 2050, with glacier runoff increasing until its maximum in about 2030. Although snow mass shows an increasing trend in western China, in eastern China the trend is toward decreasing snow mass, with increasing interannual fluctuations. Permafrost degradation is likely to continue, with one-third to one-half of the permafrost on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau anticipated to degrade by 2100. Most of the high-temperature permafrost will disappear by then. The permafrost in northeastern China will retreat further northward. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.