Brucellosis at the animal/ecosystem/human interface at the beginning of the 21st century
Brucellosis at the animal/ecosystem/human interface at the beginning of the 21st century
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DOI：
10.1016/j.prevetmed.2011.04.007
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发表时间：
2011-11-01
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Letesson, J. -J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Godfroid, J.;Scholz, H. C.;Letesson, J. -J.
随着最近从不同动物物种和环境中发现新的布鲁氏菌菌株，目前已有10种布鲁氏菌被归入布鲁氏菌属。虽然布鲁氏菌的细胞内转运已被很好地描述，但布鲁氏菌在吞噬细胞和非吞噬细胞中生存和繁殖的策略，特别是在其细胞内旅程中获取营养的策略，在很大程度上仍不清楚。布鲁氏菌的新陈代谢和毒力现在被认为是一枚硬币的两面。怀孕子宫在不同动物物种中定植的机制尚不清楚。疫苗接种是家畜控制计划的基石，尽管519、RB51(在牛身上)和Rev 1(绵羊和山羊)疫苗已在世界范围内成功使用，但它们有缺点，因此理想的布鲁氏菌病疫苗仍然非常值得期待。目前还没有针对猪和野生动物的疫苗。发达国家和发展中国家的动物布鲁氏菌病控制策略不同。大部分重点放在根除和风险分析上，以避免布鲁氏菌在发达国家重新出现。在发展中国家，与布鲁氏菌病流行有关的信息仍然很少，而且很少实施控制方案。由于没有疫苗可供人类使用，人类布鲁氏菌病的预防依赖于对动物宿主的控制。布鲁氏菌也被认为是一种用于生物和农业恐怖主义袭击的毒剂。在动物/生态系统/人类的界面上，关键是减少布鲁氏菌跳跃宿主物种的机会，就像在牲畜、野生动物和人类中已经看到的那样。这项任务是未来兽医公共卫生方面的挑战，也是野生动物和生态系统管理者的挑战，需要“一个健康”的方法才能取得成功。(C)2011爱思唯尔B.V.保留所有权利。
Following the recent discovery of new Brucella strains from different animal species and from the environment, ten Brucella species are nowadays included in the genus Brucella. Although the intracellular trafficking of Brucella is well described, the strategies developed by Brucella to survive and multiply in phagocytic and non-phagocytic cells, particularly to access nutriments during its intracellular journey, are still largely unknown. Metabolism and virulence of Brucella are now considered to be two sides of the same coin. Mechanisms presiding to the colonization of the pregnant uterus in different animal species are not known. Vaccination is the cornerstone of control programs in livestock and although the 519, RB51 (both in cattle) and Rev 1 (in sheep and goats) vaccines have been successfully used worldwide, they have drawbacks and thus the ideal brucellosis vaccine is still very much awaited. There is no vaccine available for pigs and wildlife. Animal brucellosis control strategies differ in the developed and the developing world. Most emphasis is put on eradication and on risk analysis to avoid the re-introduction of Brucella in the developed world. Information related to the prevalence of brucellosis is still scarce in the developing world and control programs are rarely implemented. Since there is no vaccine available for humans, prevention of human brucellosis relies on its control in the animal reservoir. Brucella is also considered to be an agent to be used in bio- and agroterrorism attacks. At the animal/ecosystem/human interface it is critical to reduce opportunities for Brucella to jump host species as already seen in livestock, wildlife and humans. This task is a challenge for the future in terms of veterinary public health, as for wildlife and ecosystem managers and will need a "One Health" approach to be successful. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.