Beyond the 2nd generation: English use among Chinese Americans in the San Francisco Bay Area
Beyond the 2nd generation: English use among Chinese Americans in the San Francisco Bay Area
复制标题
超越第二代：旧金山湾区华裔美国人的英语使用情况
作者：
Lauren Hall;R. Starr
移民一代的概念很复杂。美国人使用第一代、第二代、第三代，甚至“1.5”代的序数来指代个人与其家庭移民时刻的不同关系。但这些术语在实践中比数字所暗示的流动性要大得多，而且这种流动性的性质随着时间的推移而发生变化。此外，不同的移民浪潮意味着不同的代际认同体验； 1880 年代的第一代移民进入的美国社区与今天第一代移民进入的社区截然不同。移民一代意义发生转变的一个例子是全国各地的亚裔美国人，尤其是加利福尼亚州的亚裔美国人。在本文中，我们讨论了北加州旧金山湾区的华裔美国人的语言与移民一代之间的关系，该地区是美国华人移民和定居历史最悠久的地区。我们特别关注英语的发音，利用 2008 年至 2009 年在湾区收集的数据来论证中国的文化和语言实践正在更广泛的社区中流行。我们的讨论着眼于第三代及以上移民一代的经历，特别是当他们与最近的移民浪潮互动时，以及由此产生的华人和其他亚洲身份在湾区的主导地位。华裔美国人的分层且快速变化的经历为美国其他移民社区的研究提供了潜在的未来方向。
The concept of immigrant generation is complex. Americans use the ordinal designations first-, second-, third-, even ‘1.5’-generation to refer to individuals' varying relationship to their family's moment of immigration. But these terms are much more fluid in practice than the rigidity of the numbers implies, and the nature of that fluidity is changing over time. Furthermore, different waves of immigration mean different experiences of generation identity; a first-generation immigrant in the 1880s entered an American community that was drastically different than the one a first-generation immigrant enters today. One example of these shifts in the meaning of immigrant generation is among Asian Americans across the country, particularly those in California. In this paper, we discuss the relationship between language and immigrant generation with respect to Chinese Americans in the San Francisco Bay Area of Northern California, the region of the United States with the longest history of Chinese immigration and settlement. We focus in particular on the pronunciation of English, drawing on data collected in the Bay Area from 2008–2009 to argue that Chinese cultural and linguistic practices are gaining currency in the wider community. Our discussion looks at the experiences of third and higher immigrant generations, especially as they interact with more recent waves of immigrants, and the resulting dominance of Chinese and other Asian identities across the Bay Area. The layered and rapidly shifting Chinese American experience suggests potential future directions for the study of other immigrant communities in the United States.