Detection of a fungal estrogen (F-2) in hay associated with infertility in dairy cattle.
Detection of a fungal estrogen (F-2) in hay associated with infertility in dairy cattle.
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干草中真菌雌激素 (F-2) 的检测与奶牛不育有关。
DOI：
10.1128/aem.16.5.797-798.1968
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发表时间：
1968
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
G. H. Nelson
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
C. J. Mirocha;J. Harrison;A. A. Nichols;M. McClintock;G. H. Nelson
美国猪群的一些不育问题可以通过最近发现的由储存玉米中的禾谷镰刀菌产生的雌激素真菌代谢物 (F-2) 来解释（C. M. Christensen, G. H. Nelson, 和 C. J. Mirocha, Appl. Microbiol. 13:653, 1965；C. J. Mirocha, C. M.克里斯滕森，G. H. 尼尔森，应用程序。微生物。 15:497, 1967; M. Stob 等人，《自然》196：1318，1962）。当大鼠、豚鼠或猪食用该代谢物时，该代谢物会导致外阴和子宫增大，并且有一些证据表明怀孕猪食用 F-2 会导致窝产仔数减少。在明尼苏达州的奶牛饲料中发现了真菌雌激素 (F-2) 和同样由禾谷镰刀菌产生的化学相关物质 (F-3)，并怀疑它们在这些动物的不育问题中发挥了一定作用。最近，英国柴郡的一位农民抱怨说，干草质量明显不好，当喂给奶牛时，会导致这些动物的繁殖力下降。这是英国第一份有关奶牛不育问题的报告，该问题似乎与干草的消耗直接相关。已知质量较差的干草被切碎，作为额外的粗饲料与青贮饲料混合，然后喂给牛。这群由 150 头牛组成的特殊牛群保持着良好的繁殖记录；在将干草纳入他们的饮食之前，他们的人工授精指数（Al）约为1.2。 Al指数是指获得成功妊娠所需的授精次数。在喂干草期间，该指数增至高达4。观察后，动物迅速脱离干草，其Al指数逐渐恢复正常。在与德比郡上游地区的农民讨论这个问题时，我们发现室内种植期间不孕不育的案例
Some of the problems of infertility ia swine herds in the United States have been explained by the recent discovery of an estrogenic fungal metabolite (F-2) produced by Fusarium graminearum in stored maize (C. M. Christensen, G. H. Nelson, and C. J. Mirocha, Appl. Microbiol. 13:653, 1965; C. J. Mirocha, C. M. Christensen, and G. H. Nelson, Appl. Microbiol. 15:497, 1967; M. Stob et al., Nature 196:1318, 1962). This metabolite causes an enlargement of vulva and uterus when consumed by rats, guinea pigs, or swine, and there is some evidence that consumption of F-2 by pregnant swine results in reduced size of litters. The fungal estrogen (F-2) and a chemically related material (F-3), also produced by F. graminearum, have been found in the feed of dairy cattle in Minnesota, and are suspected of playing some role in the infertility problems of these animals. Recently, a farmer in the county of Cheshire, England, complained about an apparently bad lot of hay, which, when fed to dairy cattle, resulted in decreased fertility in these animals. This was the first report of an infertility problem in dairy cattle in England which appeared to be directly connected with the consumption of hay. The hay, known to be of poor quality, was chopped up, mixed as additional roughage with silage, and fed to the cattle. Good fertility records were kept on this particular herd of 150 cattle; before the incorporation of the hay into their diet, their artificial insemination index (Al) was about 1.2. The Al index refers to the number of inseminations necessary to obtain a successful pregnancy. During the period when the hay was fed, the index increased to a value as high as 4. After this observation, the animals were quickly taken off the hay and their Al index gradually returned to normal. When discussing this problem with farmers in the upper regions of Derbyshire, we found that cases of infertility during the indoor