Three-Dimensional-Printing of Bio-Inspired Composites
Three-Dimensional-Printing of Bio-Inspired Composites
复制标题
DOI：
10.1115/1.4032423
复制
发表时间：
2016-02-01
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
Buehler, Markus J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gu, Grace Xiang;Su, Isabelle;Buehler, Markus J.
经过数百万年的优化，天然材料由于其层次结构和多功能能力，通常优于合成材料。它们通常具有由简单构建块组成的复杂体系结构。事实上，许多天然材料，如骨，珍珠层，头发和蜘蛛丝，具有出色的材料性能，使它们适用于可能需要机械弹性和环境兼容性的工程应用。然而，这样的天然材料很难大量收获，并且可能以它们天然存在的方式是有毒的，因此，使用替代方法来制造具有与它们的天然对应物类似的材料功能的材料以用于大规模应用是至关重要的。增材制造的最新进展，特别是以较高的微米分辨率打印多种材料的能力，为研究人员提供了设计和重建自然灵感材料的绝佳工具。最先进的3D打印机现在可以用来制造样品，以高保真度模拟其几何形状和材料成分。它的功能与计算建模相结合，为我们提供了更多的机会来设计，优化和测试复合材料的功能，以实现高机械弹性和可靠性的复合材料。在这篇综述文章中，我们重点介绍了几种多功能生物材料的先进材料特性，并讨论了如何使用先进的3D打印技术来模拟它们的结构和功能。最后，我们讨论了3D打印的局限性，提出了未来可能的发展，并讨论了使用生物启发材料作为生物工程和其他领域工具的应用。
Optimized for millions of years, natural materials often outperform synthetic materials due to their hierarchical structures and multifunctional abilities. They usually feature a complex architecture that consists of simple building blocks. Indeed, many natural materials such as bone, nacre, hair, and spider silk, have outstanding material properties, making them applicable to engineering applications that may require both mechanical resilience and environmental compatibility. However, such natural materials are very difficult to harvest in bulk, and may be toxic in the way they occur naturally, and therefore, it is critical to use alternative methods to fabricate materials that have material functions similar to material function as their natural counterparts for large-scale applications. Recent progress in additive manufacturing, especially the ability to print multiple materials at upper micrometer resolution, has given researchers an excellent instrument to design and reconstruct natural-inspired materials. The most advanced 3D-printer can now be used to manufacture samples to emulate their geometry and material composition with high fidelity. Its capabilities, in combination with computational modeling, have provided us even more opportunities for designing, optimizing, and testing the function of composite materials, in order to achieve composites of high mechanical resilience and reliability. In this review article, we focus on the advanced material properties of several multifunctional biological materials and discuss how the advanced 3D-printing techniques can be used to mimic their architectures and functions. Lastly, we discuss the limitations of 3D-printing, suggest possible future developments, and discuss applications using bio-inspired materials as a tool in bioengineering and other fields.