Maturity and change in personality: Developmental trends of temperament and character in adulthood
Maturity and change in personality: Developmental trends of temperament and character in adulthood
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DOI：
10.1017/s0954579413000126
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发表时间：
2013-08-01
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Keltikangas-Jarvinen, Liisa
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Josefsson, Kim;Jokela, Markus;Keltikangas-Jarvinen, Liisa
我们研究了气质和性格的发展趋势，在纵向人口为基础的样本芬兰男性和女性年龄在20-45岁的气质和性格量表模型的个性。在1997年、2001年和2007年对人格进行了评估（分别为n = 2，104、2，095和2，056）。平均水平的变化表现出性质不同的发展模式的性格（自我导向，合作，自我超越）和气质（新奇寻求，避免伤害，奖励依赖，和持久性）。性格向更成熟的方向发展，尽管自我超越随着年龄的增长而减少。然而，自我超越是整体人格改变的最强预测因子。队列效应表明，较低水平的自我超越和较高水平的自我导向和合作的年轻出生队列。在气质方面，随年龄增长，新奇能力下降，持久性略有增加。高新奇寻求和高持久性预测整体人格改变。这些发现表明，气质和性格特征遵循不同的发展轨迹。
We studied the developmental trends of temperament and character in a longitudinal population-based sample of Finnish men and women aged 20-45 years using the Temperament and Character Inventory model of personality. Personality was assessed in 1997, 2001, and 2007 (n = 2,104, 2,095, and 2,056, respectively). Mean-level changes demonstrated qualitatively distinct developmental patterns for character (self-directedness, cooperativeness, and self-transcendence) and temperament (novelty seeking, harm avoidance, reward dependence, and persistence). Character developed toward greater maturity, although self-transcendence decreased with age. However, self-transcendence was the strongest predictor of overall personality change. Cohort effects indicated lower level of self-transcendence and higher level of self-directedness and cooperativeness in younger birth cohorts. Regarding temperament, novelty seeking decreased and persistence increased slightly with age. Both high novelty seeking and high persistence predicted overall personality change. These findings suggest that temperament and character traits follow different kinds of developmental trajectories.