Biotechnological synthesis of Pd-based nanoparticle catalysts.
Biotechnological synthesis of Pd-based nanoparticle catalysts.
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DOI：
10.1039/d1na00686j
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发表时间：
2022-02-01
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Lloyd JR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Egan-Morriss C;Kimber RL;Powell NA;Lloyd JR
钯金属纳米颗粒是工业上用于反应如氢化和Heck和Suzuki C-C偶联反应的优异催化剂。然而，全球对Pd的需求远远超过全球供应，因此Pd的可持续利用和回收至关重要。由于使用有毒化学品，例如有机溶剂和封端剂，Pd金属纳米颗粒的常规化学合成路线不满足可持续性目标。微生物能够在环境温度和压力下生物还原可溶性高氧化态金属离子以形成金属纳米颗粒，而不需要有毒化学品。微生物还可以减少废物溶液中的金属，使这些废物流重新增值，并允许重新使用贵金属。负载在微生物细胞上的Pd纳米颗粒（bio-Pd）可以催化多种反应，在几项研究中甚至优于商业非均相Pd催化剂。然而，被认为是一个可行的商业选择，生物钯的固有活性和选择性必须提高。许多类型的微生物可以产生生物钯，尽管迄今为止大多数研究都是使用细菌进行的，金属还原由氢化酶或甲酸脱氢酶介导。异化金属还原菌（DMRB）具有额外的酶，适用于细胞外电子传递，可能提供更大的控制所产生的纳米颗粒的性质。该领域最近的一个重要补充是生物可降解纳米颗粒，它显着增强了生物Pd的催化性能。此外，系统生物学可以将生物Pd整合到生物催化过程中，并且加工技术可以进一步增强催化性能，例如掺入额外的功能性纳米材料。这篇综述旨在突出酶金属还原过程的各个方面，这些过程可以通过生物工程来控制生物Pd的大小、形状和细胞位置，以优化其催化性能。通过微生物生物还原可持续地合成细胞支撑的Pd金属纳米颗粒。生物钯纳米颗粒是一种有效的多相催化剂，可以催化重要的工业反应，如氢化和C-C偶联反应。
Palladium metal nanoparticles are excellent catalysts used industrially for reactions such as hydrogenation and Heck and Suzuki C–C coupling reactions. However, the global demand for Pd far exceeds global supply, therefore the sustainable use and recycling of Pd is vital. Conventional chemical synthesis routes of Pd metal nanoparticles do not meet sustainability targets due to the use of toxic chemicals, such as organic solvents and capping agents. Microbes are capable of bioreducing soluble high oxidation state metal ions to form metal nanoparticles at ambient temperature and pressure, without the need for toxic chemicals. Microbes can also reduce metal from waste solutions, revalorising these waste streams and allowing the reuse of precious metals. Pd nanoparticles supported on microbial cells (bio-Pd) can catalyse a wide array of reactions, even outperforming commercial heterogeneous Pd catalysts in several studies. However, to be considered a viable commercial option, the intrinsic activity and selectivity of bio-Pd must be enhanced. Many types of microorganisms can produce bio-Pd, although most studies so far have been performed using bacteria, with metal reduction mediated by hydrogenase or formate dehydrogenase enzymes. Dissimilatory metal-reducing bacteria (DMRB) possess additional enzymes adapted for extracellular electron transport that potentially offer greater control over the properties of the nanoparticles produced. A recent and important addition to the field are bio-bimetallic nanoparticles, which significantly enhance the catalytic properties of bio-Pd. In addition, systems biology can integrate bio-Pd into biocatalytic processes, and processing techniques may enhance the catalytic properties further, such as incorporating additional functional nanomaterials. This review aims to highlight aspects of enzymatic metal reduction processes that can be bioengineered to control the size, shape, and cellular location of bio-Pd in order to optimise its catalytic properties. Cell supported Pd metal nanoparticles are sustainably synthesised via microbial bioreduction. Bio-Pd nanoparticles are effective heterogeneous catalysts that catalyse industrially important reactions, such as hydrogenation and C–C coupling reactions.
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