Healthy Housing Environment in Sustainable Design
Healthy Housing Environment in Sustainable Design
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DOI：
10.1088/1757-899x/471/9/092083
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发表时间：
2019-02
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Grażyna Schneider-Skalska
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Grażyna Schneider-Skalska
21世纪世纪是一个充满矛盾的世纪：巨大的机遇，但也有巨大的危险。人类在世纪所处的形势迫切要求充分认识到在空间、社会、环境和经济方面实现可持续发展的必要性。居住环境是年轻人成长和老年人度过大部分时间的地方，居住环境的质量应该满足当代人的期望和需求。在可持续发展的原则下，如何创造健康的居住环境，以及健康生活方式的发展趋势，都是需要考虑的问题促进身体健康、情感幸福和社会凝聚力。在温哥华举行的人类住区会议讨论了住房环境方面的健康问题。世界卫生组织列出了与人类健康有关的几个概念的定义。《科隆建议》中有一项声明，即物质环境，就像居住地本身一样，是幸福的条件，它们可以促进社会融合，对儿童的智力发展产生积极影响，但如果不适当，它们可能是注意力不集中、记忆力差、焦虑和难以培养人际关系的原因。关于绿色植物、水和自然景观对从压力和智力疲劳中恢复的影响的大量研究表明，这些因素所起的作用绝对是无价的。Ipsos MORI公司为RIBA进行的研究为人们的不变和可变需求提供了某些指导方针，这些指导方针虽然是间接的，但也在健康住房环境方面提供了一些信息。因此，有理由提出一个问题，即可持续发展和可持续设计的目标、任务和方法在多大程度上满足了与设计一个可称为健康的住房环境有关的需求和期望。有许多原则和方法来评估单个结构、整个建筑群或区域的可持续性。作者提出了可持续住宅环境的三个基本特征：经济性、社会性和美观性。正确和有效地结合可持续设计的所有方面需要在几个领域做出不懈努力：在设计师、官员和用户中进行教育和提高认识，以及制定适当的政策和促进解决方案，这将鼓励在城市范围内塑造健康的住房环境。
The 21st century is a century of contradictions: great opportunities but also great hazards. The situation in which the humankind has found itself in the 21st century requires urgently that the need for sustainable development in its spatial, social, environmental and economic aspects is fully appreciated. The quality of housing environment, in which the young grow and the elderly spend most of their time, should meet the expectations and needs of contemporary man. This paper aims to investigate how the issues of growing life expectancy, the desire to spend it in good health and the trend for healthy lifestyle are addressed in the principles of sustainable development and what methods should be adopted for creating healthy housing environment promoting physical health, emotional wellbeing and social coherence. The subject of health in the context of housing environment was addressed at the conference in Vancouver on human settlements. The World Health Organisation listed several definitions of concepts related to human health. The Cologne Recommendations contained a statement that physical surroundings, just as the dwelling place itself, are the condition of well-being, they can promote social integration and positively influence children’s mental development, but – if inappropriate – they may be the reason for poor concentration and memory, anxiety and difficulties in fostering inter-human relations. Abundant research on the influence of greenery, water and natural landscape on recovering from stress and intellectual fatigue shows that the role these factors play is absolutely invaluable. Research carried out by Ipsos MORI company for RIBA provides certain guidelines as to people’s invariable and variable needs, which, although indirectly, give some information also in the context of the healthy housing environment. It is then legitimate to ask a question about the extent to which the goals, tasks and methods of sustainable development and sustainable design satisfy the needs and expectations related to designing a housing environment that could be called healthy. There are numerous lists of principles and methods of assessing the sustainability of individual structures, whole complexes or areas. Author suggests three basic features that should characterise a housing environment so that it could be called sustainable: it should be economical, pro-social and beautiful. Correct and effective combination of all aspects in sustainable design requires assiduous efforts in several areas: education and awareness-building among designers, officials and users as well as adequate policy and promotion of solutions, which will encourage shaping a healthy housing environment in the urban scale.