Global state of biodiversity and loss
Global state of biodiversity and loss
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DOI：
10.1146/annurev.energy.28.050302.105532
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发表时间：
2003-01-01
影响因子：
16.4
通讯作者：
Raven, PH
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dirzo, R;Raven, PH
生物多样性是地球生命支持系统的核心组成部分，与人类社会直接相关。我们研究了地球陆地生物多样性的规模和性质，并审查了有关生物多样性丧失速度和这种丧失的驱动因素的科学事实。真核生物物种总数的估计可能在500万到1500万之间，最好的估计是700万。物种多样性分布不均;热带生态系统的物种多样性最高。特有种集中在少数几个热点地区，而这些热点地区又受到栖息地破坏的严重威胁，而栖息地破坏是生物多样性丧失的最主要驱动因素。在过去的300年里，对少数生物群体的记录显示，灭绝速度至少是根据地质记录预测的速度的几百倍。生物多样性的丧失是地球今天面临的唯一真正不可逆转的全球环境变化。
Biodiversity, a central component of Earth's life support systems, is directly relevant to human societies. We examine the dimensions and nature of the Earth's terrestrial biodiversity and review the scientific facts concerning the rate of loss of biodiversity and the drivers of this loss. The estimate for the total number of species of eukaryotic organisms possible lies in the 5-15 million range, with a best guess of similar to7 million. Species diversity is unevenly distributed; the highest concentrations are in tropical ecosystems. Endemisms are concentrated in a few hotspots, which are in turn seriously threatened by habitat destruction-the most prominent driver of biodiversity loss. For the past 300 years, recorded extinctions for a few groups of organisms reveal rates of extinction at least several hundred times the rate expected on the basis of the geological record. The loss of biodiversity is the only truly irreversible global environmental change the Earth faces today.