Long-term Changes of River Water Inflow into the Seas of the Russian Arctic Sector
Long-term Changes of River Water Inflow into the Seas of the Russian Arctic Sector
复制标题
俄罗斯北极地区入海河流水量的长期变化
DOI:
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发表时间:
2018
期刊:
影响因子:
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通讯作者:
O. Pakhomova
中科院分区:
文献类型:
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作者:
D. Magritsky;N. Frolova;Valeriy M Evstigneev;E. Povalishnikova;M. Kireeva;O. Pakhomova
The annual runoff of rivers from the territory of Russia into the Arctic seas is approximately equal to 2922 km3, or 55.6 % of the total inflow of river waters into the Arctic Ocean. Such an amount of fresh water and its longterm fluctuations, together with the sediments and heat transported by rivers, can have a significant impact on the regional marine hydrological processes and climate, on the hydro-meteorological conditions and ecosystems of river channels, valleys and estuaries, the abrasion-accumulation processes, safety and sustainability of nature management in the region. Almost the whole inflow of river waters (~84 %) is provided by 19 large Arctic rivers of Russia. The estimates of their runoff, as of 2015 and for the key cross sections in the lower reaches of rivers, were obtained for the first time. The new data allowed to clarify the values of seasonal runoff and to detail the features of its spatial variability. In multi-year flow fluctuations, the element of uncertainty is greater, and the patterns and trends are not so obvious. Nevertheless, the analysis of cyclicity and trends showed that the annual runoff of most major Arctic rivers has increased by 5-10 % compared to the runoff for the period from 1936 to 1970. The increase in the annual runoff of most rivers was provided by an increase in the water content in various hydrological seasons. Especially pronounced was the positive dynamics for the runoff of the winter low-water period, to the greatest extent in the mouths of the regulated rivers such as the Ob (by 20 %), Yenisei (68 %), Kolyma (174 %), and also Lena (47 %) that has a large regulated tributary (the Vilyui River). The results of the study show that the inter-annual and seasonal regulation of runoff performed by large reservoirs and their filling is the main factor of anthropogenic disturbances of the Arctic rivers runoff. The paper also assesses the role of full and irretrievable water consumption in the catchment areas of all the Arctic rivers (in the past, present and in the near future), its territorial and industrial structure. Its impact on the inflow of river waters to the Arctic Seas is not statistically significant, but it has signs of a crisis situation in some areas of the Arctic catchment area. In total, about 20.6 km3 of river and subterranean waters are removed from the basins of the Arctic rivers on the territory of Russia per year. By the years of 2025-2030 this value is planned to be increased to 37.2 km3 per year. The article also summarizes the existing predictions of a likely change in the river runoff in the Russian Arctic sector in the first half of the 21st century. Zusammenfassung: Der jährliche Abfluss der Flüsse vom Territorium der Russischen Föderation in die arktischen Meere beträgt 2922 km3 oder 55,6 % des gesamten Flusseintrags in den Arktischen Ozean. Solch eine gewaltige Menge an Süßwasser und seine langzeitlichen Schwankungen, zusammen mit den von den Flüssen transportierten Sedimenten und Wärme, kann einen großen Einfluss auf die regionalen hydrologischen Prozesse im Meer und auf das Klima haben, auf die hydrometeorologischen Bedingungen und Ökosysteme im Flusslauf, in den Tälern und Mündungen, auf Erosion und Ablagerung, auf Sicherheit und langfristige Pflege und Erhalt von Natur und Umwelt in der ganzen Region. Fast die ganze Menge an Flusswasser (etwa 84 %) wird von 19 großen arktischen Flüssen Russlands bereitgestellt. Die Abflussschätzungen, Stand 2015 und von wichtigen Querschnitten in den Unterläufen der Flüsse erfolgten zum ersten Mal. Die neuen Daten erlauben eine gewisse Klärung des saisonalen Abflusses und Einblick in Kleinmuster der räumlichen Variabilität. Daraus lässt sich erkennen, dass der jährliche Abfluss der meisten größeren arktischen