Democracy, Public Policy, and Lay Assessments of Scientific Testimony1
Democracy, Public Policy, and Lay Assessments of Scientific Testimony1
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民主、公共政策和科学证词的非专业评估1
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发表时间：
2011
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通讯作者：
E. Anderson
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作者：
E. Anderson
在技术社会中，负责任的公共政策制定必须依赖于复杂的科学推理。鉴于普通公民无法直接评估这种推理，这是否意味着技术性公共政策的民主合法性受到质疑？如果公民能够对值得信赖的科学专家的共识做出可靠的二阶评估，它就不会。我开发的标准，奠定评估的科学证据和证明，在有关人为全球变暖的索赔的情况下，应用这样的标准是很容易的任何人的普通教育与访问Web。然而，调查显示，科学共识和公众舆论之间的差距在美国全球变暖，我探讨了这种差距的一些原因，并认为，我们的政治话语文化的民主改革可能能够解决这个问题。
Responsible public policy making in a technological society must rely on complex scientific reasoning. Given that ordinary citizens cannot directly assess such reasoning, does this call the democratic legitimacy of technical public policies in question? It does not, provided citizens can make reliable second-order assessments of the consensus of trustworthy scientific experts. I develop criteria for lay assessment of scientific testimony and demonstrate, in the case of claims about anthropogenic global warming, that applying such criteria is easy for anyone of ordinary education with access to the Web. However, surveys show a gap between the scientific consensus and public opinion on global warming in the U.S. I explore some causes of this gap and argue that democratic reforms of our culture of political discourse may be able to address it.