The Roles of General and Domain-Specific Perceived Stress in Healthy Aging.
The Roles of General and Domain-Specific Perceived Stress in Healthy Aging.
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一般和特定领域的感知压力在健康老龄化中的作用。
DOI：
10.1093/geronb/gbab134
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发表时间：
2022
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Roberts,BrentW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Luo,Jing;Zhang,Bo;Willroth,EmilyC;Mroczek,DanielK;Roberts,BrentW
目的理论和经验证据表明，存在一个普遍感知的压力因素，覆盖了不同的生活领域。本研究调查了一般感知压力相对于特定领域感知压力作为26种不同健康结果的预测因子，包括心理和身体健康、健康行为、认知功能和健康生理指标。方法采用双因素探索性结构方程建模方法对来自健康与退休研究的2个老龄化样本（样本1中N= 8,325，样本2中N= 7,408）进行分析。结果在2个样本中，感知到的压力很好地代表了一个双因素结构，其中有一个强大的一般感知压力因素，代表了对压力感知的一般倾向。同时，在控制了一般感知压力因素后，代表不同生活领域感知压力的特定因素仍然清晰存在。结果还表明，年龄、性别、种族、教育程度、人格特征以及过去和最近的压力源暴露可能是导致一般感知压力因素个体差异的因素。一般感知压力因素是大多数健康结果以及心理健康结果变化的最可靠预测因素。感知邻里压力这一特定因素在不同类型的健康结果中显示出递增的预测效应。目前的研究提供了强有力的证据，证明存在一个普遍感知的压力因素，它捕获了生活领域中压力的差异，并且普遍感知的压力因素对老年人的各种健康结果显示了实质性的前瞻性预测作用。
ObjectivesTheoretical and empirical evidence suggests the existence of a general perceived stress factor overarching different life domains. The present study investigated the general perceived stress relative to domain-specific perceived stress as predictors of 26 diverse health outcomes, including mental and physical health, health behaviors, cognitive functioning, and physiological indicators of health.MethodA bifactor exploratory structural equational modeling approach was adopted in 2 aging samples from the Health and Retirement Study (N= 8,325 in Sample 1 andN= 7,408 in Sample 2).ResultsAcross the 2 samples, perceived stress was well represented by a bifactor structure where there was a robust general perceived stress factor representing a general propensity towards stress perception. Meanwhile, after controlling for the general perceived stress factor, specific factors that represent perceived stress in different life domains were still clearly present. Results also suggested age, sex, race, education, personality traits, and past and recent stressor exposure as possible factors underlying individual differences in the general perceived stress factor. The general perceived stress factor was the most robust predictor of the majority of health outcomes, as well as changes in mental health outcomes. The specific factor of perceived neighborhood stress demonstrated incremental predictive effects across different types of health outcomes.DiscussionThe current study provides strong evidence for the existence of a general perceived stress factor that captures variance shared among stress across life domains, and the general perceived stress factor demonstrated substantial prospective predictive effects on diverse health outcomes in older adulthood.