Quantitative Methods for Modeling Species Habitat: Comparative Performance and an Application to Australian Plants
Quantitative Methods for Modeling Species Habitat: Comparative Performance and an Application to Australian Plants
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DOI：
10.1007/0-387-22648-6_4
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发表时间：
2000
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影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
J. Elith
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Elith
栖息地评估程序用于量化土地作为物种栖息地的价值。它们产生的物种生境图对下列应用很有用：估计管理备选办法的影响;生态评估;保护规划;确定可采取哪些步骤避免生境丧失或补偿由于拟议行动而不可避免的生境丧失（货车Horne和Wiens，1991年; Gray等人，1996年;兰德和纽曼，1998年）。例如，地理分布范围狭窄但至少在一个地方数量丰富的物种将受益于保护区。广泛分布在专门生境中的物种可能受益于多用途景观中有针对性的管理处方。可以确定权衡取舍，以便有效地实现生物多样性目标。这种管理决策的有效性主要取决于对物种目前和潜在分布的可靠了解，管理决策往往是根据“已知地点”作出的。这些是伴随着实地观察或博物馆和植物标本馆的标本的地理坐标。这些记录通常被用作绘制分布图的基础，分布图由多边形组成，包括所有已知地点，以现有生态知识和基于地形或环境变量空间分布的主观推断为条件。这些地图很少经过验证，其可靠性也很少报道。
Habitat evaluation procedures are used to quantify the value of land as habitat for a species. They result in maps of species habitats that are useful for applications involving estimation of the impacts of management alternatives; ecological assessment; conservation planning; and the identification of steps that may be taken to avoid habitat losses or to compensate unavoidable habitat losses due to a proposed action (Van Horne and Wiens 1991; Gray et al. 1996; Rand and Newman 1998). For example, species that have narrow geographic distributions but are abundant in at least one place would benefit from a protected area. Species that are widely distributed within specialized habitat may benefit from targeted management prescriptions within a multiple-use landscape. Trade-offs may be identified so that biodiversity objectives may be met efficiently. The effectiveness of such management decisions depends critically on reliable knowledge of the current and potential distribution of species.Frequently, management decisions are based on “known locations.” These are geographic coordinates that accompany field observations or specimens in museums and herbariums. Such records are generally used as the basis for the construction of distribution maps, which are composed of polygons that enclose all known locations, conditioned by available ecological knowledge and subjective extrapolations based on topography or the spatial distribution of environmental variables. These maps are rarely validated, and their reliability is rarely reported.