Ontology-Based Knowledge Platform to Support Equipment Health in Plant Operations
Ontology-Based Knowledge Platform to Support Equipment Health in Plant Operations
复制标题
基于本体的知识平台支持工厂运营中的设备健康
DOI：
10.1007/978-3-319-15326-1_8
复制
发表时间：
2015
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
S. Yacout
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
V. Ebrahimipour;S. Yacout
目前的能源生产链是基于碳的或来源于碳源（即，石油和天然气），由于CO2排放和其他温室气体，对环境产生负面影响。世界对化石燃料的能源需求不断增长，在二氧化碳排放量上升趋势中发挥了关键作用。石化和化工等工业部门通过生产烯烃、芳烃、氨、炭黑等含碳有机和无机产品或石油天然气燃烧对CO2排放有很大的影响。石油输出国组织（欧佩克）指出，到2050年，石油和天然气使用的二氧化碳排放量平均比例预计将翻一番（欧佩克2011年）。以目前可用的技术，替代化石燃料或改用低碳化石燃料的选择有限。至少在本世纪，这些化石燃料可能仍然是工业中的主要能源。然而，废物处理和排放控制成本的增加，国际监管压力的增加以及公众对环境质量的要求越来越高，迫使各国为全球协议奠定基础，以遏制二氧化碳排放，例如卡塔尔的联合国气候谈判，京都议定书和经合组织。为了减轻或消除特定产品和工艺对环境的不利影响，各国努力转向更高效的技术以及生命周期和系统优化方法（能源部，2009年）。废物和资源行动计划（WRAP）强调了产品生命周期和运营管理系统优化的重要性，这是美国、英国、欧盟和日本实现可持续生产过程的两种互补方法（Brown等人，2012年）。这两种方法试图通过减少废物、精益生产、工业协同效应、延长产品寿命、有效使用设备和优化设备寿命来达到最佳的资源效率和充足性。例如，英国石油公司最近启动了可持续性管理系统项目，以加强HSE缓解，从而在2011年墨西哥湾事故后重新赢得信任（BP 2011）。2011年福岛核事故后，日本科学促进会（JSPS）为设备效率和寿命优化的可持续性工程分配了研究奖学金（JSPS 2012）。麦肯锡公司报告称，根据陶氏化学和康宁的经验，低碳经济和能源效率是北美重工业企业面临的新挑战（麦肯锡2011）。欧洲能源学院（EAE）已经开展了一些以碳捕获应用和资源效率为主题的项目（EAE 2012）。
Current energy production chains are carbon-based or derived from a carbon source (i.e., oil and gas), which have negative impacts on environment because of CO2 emission and other greenhouse gases. Growing world energy demand from fossil fuels plays a key role in the upward trend in CO2 emissions. Petrochemical and chemicals industries among other industrial sectors have much devastative influences on CO2 emissions through producing organic and inorganic products embodied carbon such as olefins, aromatics, ammonia, and carbon black or oil and gas combustions. The Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) states that the average portion of CO2 emissions from oil and gas usage is expected to double by 2050 (OPEC 2011). With current available technologies, the options for replacing fossil fuels or switching to less carbon fossil fuels are limited. These fossil fuels will likely remain to be the predominant source of energy in industry at least for this century. However, increasing costs for waste disposal and emissions control, growing international regulatory pressure, and increasing public demands for environmental quality are forcing nations to lay foundations for global agreement to curb CO2 emissions, for example the UN climate negotiations in Qatar, Kyoto Protocol, and OECD. To mitigate or eliminate adverse environmental impacts due to specific products and processes, national efforts have been conducted in order to switch to more efficient technologies, and to life cycle and system optimization approaches (DOE 2009). The Waste and Resources Action Program (WRAP) highlights the importance of product life cycles and operation management system’s optimization as two complementary approaches for achieving sustainable production process in the USA, the UK, the EU, and Japan (Brown et al. 2012). These two approaches attempt to reach optimal resource efficiency and sufficiency through waste reduction, lean production, industrial synergies, extended product lifetime, efficient use of equipment, and equipment lifetime optimization. For example, British Petroleum has recently launched the sustainability management system’s project in order to enhance HSE mitigation, and thus to earn back trust following the Gulf of Mexico accident in 2011 (BP 2011). Japan Society for the promotion of Science (JSPS) allocated research fellowships for sustainability engineering for equipment efficiency and lifetime optimization in the wake of Fukushima nuclear accident in 2011 (JSPS 2012). McKinsey & Company reported that according to Dow Chemical and Corning’s experience, low-carbon economy and energy efficiency are the new challenge of heavy industry companies in North America (McKinsey 2011). The Energy Academy Europe (EAE) has run a number of projects with the main themes of carbon capturing application and resource efficiency (EAE 2012).