Magnetism and Magnetic Materials
Magnetism and Magnetic Materials
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DOI：
10.1002/9781119562269.ch2
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发表时间：
2020-11
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
D. Tang;C. Pai
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
D. Tang;C. Pai
本章解释了从20世纪开始的现代磁学的旅程，这是一个科学突破的非凡时代，导致了量子力学和狭义相对论的诞生。现代对磁性的理解是基于自旋的概念，这是一种纯粹的量子力学性质，没有经典类比。因此，从现代的角度来讨论磁性，我们应该从量子力学开始。本章没有简单地通过公式推导，而是跳到物质中磁性微观起源的现代但后见之明的自旋解释中，而是简要地讨论了它的发展历史。根据它们对外加磁场的响应，这些磁性可以大致分为抗磁性、顺磁性、铁磁性、反铁磁性和亚铁磁性。抗磁性存在于所有材料中，但当存在未成对电子时，抗磁性往往被顺磁性或铁磁性所掩盖。
This chapter explains the journey of modern magnetism from the beginning of the twentieth century, a remarkable age of scientific breakthroughs that led tithe birth of quantum mechanics and special relativity. A modern understanding of magnetism is based on the concept of spin, which is a purely quantum mechanical property with no classical analogy. To discuss magnetism in a contemporary perspective, therefore, we should start from quantum mechanics. Rather than simply going through formula derivations and jumping into the modern‐yet‐hindsight spin‐based interpretation of microscopic origin of magnetism in matters, instead, the chapter briefly discusses the history of its development. Depending on their responses to the applied magnetic field, these magnetic properties can be roughly categorized into diamagnetism, paramagnet‐ism, ferromagnetism, anti ferromagnetism, and ferrimagnetism. Diamagnetism is present in all materials but is often obscured by paramagnetism or ferromagnetism when unpaired electrons are in presence.