Who’s Up? Global Interpersonal Temporal Accessibility
Who’s Up? Global Interpersonal Temporal Accessibility
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全球人际交往能力如何？
DOI：
10.1007/978-3-662-04027-0_9
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发表时间：
2000
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
P. Macnab
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
A. Harvey;P. Macnab
一位坐在休斯顿办公桌前的石油高管知道，什么时候打一个卫星电话可能会发现她的首席地质学家在乌兹别克斯坦努力工作，但这并不是什么新鲜事。自第二次世界大战结束以来，许多英国老兵每周都与远在澳大拉西亚的无线电战友保持定期联系。早在东京证券交易所实行24小时运作之前，纽约市的经纪人就知道什么时候联系日本办公室的同事;如果他们不确定，他们所要做的就是抬头看一眼墙上安装的半打左右的时钟。即使是万维网的新提升者也能很快地了解到，通过从大多数人口处于休眠状态的国家的网站下载文件，可以加快文件传输。在紧急远程医疗领域，以计算机为媒介的跨时区通信肯定会达到顶峰：多伦多、巴黎和奥克兰的交互式专家们一边讨论，一边查看波斯尼亚瓦尔托姆当地医生从背包发射器发送的数字伤害。很好，但是日本孩子什么时候可以登录教室和加拿大的虚拟笔友聊天呢？可能永远不会。即使在不久的将来，人们可以负担得起网络摄像头、语音识别和同声翻译，哈利法克斯的学生也不可能与函馆的姐妹城市学生匡威。为什么？为什么？当日本学生早上9点开始上学时，加拿大东海岸是晚上10点。简单地说，一个城市或另一个城市总是会睡着的。也许，这些观点是如此明显，以至于它们在很大程度上逃过了社会科学学术研究人员的视线。个人通过互联网在地球上实时互动的能力构成了本文的基础。从假设一天中的时间将永远是真正分离世界文化的少数几件事之一开始，我们探索人际交往的可及性，特别强调日常活动模式的作用。在这个早期阶段，在我们的调查中，我们概念化的“个人实时可访问性指数”来衡量直接，即时，响应式的面对面的全球远程交互的潜力。在讨论了可达性研究和时间利用研究之后，
A petroleum executive sitting at her desk in Houston knows when a satellite phone call might find her chief geologist hard at work in Uzbekistan, but this is nothing new. Since the end of the World War II, many a British veteran has maintained scheduled weekly contact with harn radio comrades half-a-day away in Australasia. And long before the Tokyo Stock Exchange operated on a 24-hour cycle, brokers in New York City knew when to reach colleagues at the office in Japan; if they weren't certain, all they had to do was glance up at one of the half dozen or so clocks mounted on the wall. Even new initiates to the World Wide Web learn quickly that file transfers can be expedited by downloading from sites in countries where most of the population lies dormant. Computer-mediated communication across time zones surely must reach its zenith in emergency tele-medicine: interactive specialists in Toronto, Paris, and Auckland confer while viewing digital injuries sent from backpack transmitters by doctors on the ground in wartom Bosnia. Fine and weil, but when might a Japanese child log on in the classroom to chat with a virtual pen-pal in Canada? Chances are, never. Even in the near future of affordable webcams, speech recognition, and simultaneous translation, it will be impossible for students in Halifax to converse with si ster-city pupils in Hakodate. Why? When Japanese students start school at 9 o'clock in the morning, it is 10 o'cIock at night on Canada's east coast. Simply put, one city or the other is always going to be asleep. So obvious, perhaps, are such points that they have largely escaped the gaze of academic researchers in the social sciences. The ability of individuals to interact in real-time around the planet by way of the Internet forms the basis ofthis paper. Beginning with the assumption that the time of day will always be one of the few things truly separating the world's cultures, we explore interpersonal accessibility with a particular emphasis on the role of daily activity patterns. At this early stage in our investigation, we conceptualize a'personal real-time accessibility index'to measure the potential for direct, immediate, and responsive face-to-face global remote interaction. Following so me discussion of research in accessibility and of studies in time use, a case study of