Microchips, microarrays, biochips and nanochips: personal laboratories for the 21st century
Microchips, microarrays, biochips and nanochips: personal laboratories for the 21st century
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DOI：
10.1016/s0009-8981(01)00451-x
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发表时间：
2001-05-01
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Kricka, LJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kricka, LJ
分析程序的微型化正在对诊断测试产生重大影响，并将使高度复杂的临床测试小型化，并允许测试从中心实验室转移到非实验室环境。各种各样的微分析设备包括微芯片、基因芯片、生物电子芯片。它们已应用于几种重要的临床分析（例如，聚合酶链反应，免疫分析）。新设备的主要优点是集成了复杂分析过程中的多个步骤，应用的多样性，试剂和样品的亚微升消耗，以及便携性。这些设备构成了新型小型分析仪（例如，毛细管电泳）的基础，并可能最终用于分散测试（芯片实验室，个人实验室）中有用的更小的设备。通过及时干预和监测，结合改进的治疗方法（例如，基于微芯片的药物基因组学测试），微芯片对医疗保健费用的影响可能会很大。健康消费者进行自我检测的能力有限，但微芯片可以加速这一进程，从而产生迄今无法想象的生化和遗传信息的自我意识水平。小型化的下一个阶段是纳米芯片（纳米尺寸的特征），这些未来设备的技术基础是在纳米管和自组装分子结构中可见的。(C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V.版权所有
Micro miniaturization of analytical procedures is having significant impact on diagnostic testing, and will enable highly complex clinical testing to be miniaturized and permit testing to move from the central laboratory into non-laboratory settings. The diverse range of micro analytical devices includes microchips, gene chips, bioelectronic chips. They have been applied to several clinically important assays (e.g., PCR, immunoassay). The main advantages of the new devices are integration of multiple steps in complex analytical procedures, diversity of application, sub-microliter consumption of reagents and sample, and portability. These devices form the basis of new and smaller analyzers (e.g., capillary electrophoresis) and may ultimately be used in even smaller devices useful in decentralized testing (lab-on-a-chip, personal laboratories). The impact of microchips on healthcare costs could be significant via timely intervention and monitoring, combined with improved treatments (e.g., microchip-based pharmacogenomic tests). Empowerment of health consumers to perform self-testing is limited, but microchips could accelerate this process and so produce a level of self-awareness of biochemical and genetic information hitherto unimaginable. The next level of miniaturization is the nanochip (nanometer-sized features) and the technological foundation for these futuristic devices is discernable in nanotubes and self-assembling molecular structures. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.