Slower Rate of Binocular Rivalry in Autism
Slower Rate of Binocular Rivalry in Autism
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DOI：
10.1523/jneurosci.0448-13.2013
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发表时间：
2013-10-23
影响因子：
5.3
通讯作者：
Baker, Chris I.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Robertson, Caroline E.;Kravitz, Dwight J.;Baker, Chris I.
皮层兴奋和抑制之间的不平衡是自闭症神经生物学许多模型的核心组成部分。我们使用双目竞争测试了这种失衡的潜在行为足迹，双目竞争是一种视觉现象，在这种现象中，知觉体验被认为反映了兴奋和抑制性皮层动力学的推和拉。在双目竞争中，两个单眼呈现的图像竞争，导致在它们之间交替的感知。在一系列试验中，我们使用镜面立体镜向每只眼睛展示物体的单独图像（例如，棒球和西兰花），并要求患有自闭症的人类参与者和匹配的对照受试者连续报告他们感知到的物体，或者他们是否感知到混合感知。自闭症个体表现出双眼竞争交替的速度比匹配的对照组慢，混合感知的持续时间更长，并且在退出混合感知时恢复到先前感知对象的可能性增加。至关重要的是，这些发现中的每一个都高度预测了自闭症症状的临床测量。对照“回放”实验表明，反应潜伏期和反应标准的差异都不能解释我们在自闭症谱系条件下观察到的双眼竞争的非典型动态。总的来说，这些结果可能提供了一个非典型皮质动力学的指数，这可能是自闭症的社会和非社会症状的基础。
An imbalance between cortical excitation and inhibition is a central component of many models of autistic neurobiology. We tested a potential behavioral footprint of this proposed imbalance using binocular rivalry, a visual phenomenon in which perceptual experience is thought to mirror the push and pull of excitatory and inhibitory cortical dynamics. In binocular rivalry, two monocularly presented images compete, leading to a percept that alternates between them. In a series of trials, we presented separate images of objects (e.g., a baseball and a broccoli) to each eye using a mirror stereoscope and asked human participants with autism and matched control subjects to continuously report which object they perceived, or whether they perceived a mixed percept. Individuals with autism demonstrated a slower rate of binocular rivalry alternations than matched control subjects, with longer durations of mixed percepts and an increased likelihood to revert to the previously perceived object when exiting a mixed percept. Critically, each of these findings was highly predictive of clinical measures of autistic symptomatology. Control "playback" experiments demonstrated that differences in neither response latencies nor response criteria could account for the atypical dynamics of binocular rivalry we observed in autistic spectrum conditions. Overall, these results may provide an index of atypical cortical dynamics that may underlie both the social and nonsocial symptoms of autism.