How US children and adolescents spend time: What it does (and doesn't) tell us about their development
How US children and adolescents spend time: What it does (and doesn't) tell us about their development
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DOI：
10.1111/1467-8721.00139
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发表时间：
2001-10-01
影响因子：
7.2
通讯作者：
Larson, RW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Larson, RW
青年人的成长是“过去经验的总和”，关于他们时间使用情况的数据是量化这些经验的一种手段。美国儿童和青少年花在家务和创收劳动上的时间比过去农业时代少得多。因为这种劳动通常是重复的，没有挑战性，这种减少可能并没有剥夺年轻人的重要发展经验。替代这一时间的学校作业与发展成果之间的关系更为明确。然而，美国青少年花在学校作业上的时间比其他工业化国家的青少年少。美国青少年有更多的自由支配时间，花很多时间看电视或与朋友互动;在这些活动中花费大量时间与负面的发展结果有关。然而，越来越多的年轻人的自由支配时间似乎花在了有组织的志愿活动上，如艺术、体育和组织活动，这些活动可能会促进主动性、认同感和其他积极的发展成果。
Young people develop as "the sum of past experiences," and data on their time use are one means of quantifying those experiences. U.S. children and adolescents spend dramatically less time than in the agrarian past in household and income-generating labor. Because such labor is usually repetitive and unchallenging, this reduction has probably not deprived youths of crucial developmental experience. The schoolwork replacing this time has a clearer relationship to developmental outcomes. American teens, however, spend less time on schoolwork than teens in other industrialized countries. American teenagers have more discretionary time, much spent watching television or interacting with friends; spending large amounts of time in these activities is related to negative developmental outcomes. Increasing amounts of young people's discretionary time, however, appear to be spent in structured voluntary activities, like arts, sports, and organizations' which may foster initiative, identity, and other positive developmental outcomes.