Using Geographic Information Systems and Spatial Analysis Methods to Assess Household Water Access and Sanitation Coverage in the SHINE Trial.
Using Geographic Information Systems and Spatial Analysis Methods to Assess Household Water Access and Sanitation Coverage in the SHINE Trial.
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DOI：
10.1093/cid/civ847
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发表时间：
2015-12-15
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Sanitation Hygiene Infant Nutrition Efficacy (SHINE) Trial Team
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Ntozini R;Marks SJ;Mangwadu G;Mbuya MN;Gerema G;Mutasa B;Julian TR;Schwab KJ;Humphrey JH;Zungu LI;Sanitation Hygiene Infant Nutrition Efficacy (SHINE) Trial Team
获得水和卫生设施是对卫生和环境卫生干预措施的行为反应的重要决定因素。我们估计了特定集群的供水和卫生设施覆盖率，为 SHINE 试验中的约束随机化技术提供信息。技术人员和工程师检查了所有公共水源，以确定季节性、功能和地理空间坐标。使用开源地理空间软件绘制家庭和水源地图。计算每个家庭到最近的常年、功能性、受保护水源的距离，以及每个簇的中位距离以及距离该水源 <500 m 和 >1500 m 的家庭比例。使用每个集群 13 个家庭的随机样本确定特定集群的卫生覆盖率。这些参数作为协变量纳入随机化中，以在试验开始时优化治疗组之间水和卫生设施获取的平衡。观察到的两个参数簇之间的高变异性表明需要对这些因素进行限制以降低偏差风险。
Access to water and sanitation are important determinants of behavioral responses to hygiene and sanitation interventions. We estimated cluster-specific water access and sanitation coverage to inform a constrained randomization technique in the SHINE trial. Technicians and engineers inspected all public access water sources to ascertain seasonality, function, and geospatial coordinates. Households and water sources were mapped using open-source geospatial software. The distance from each household to the nearest perennial, functional, protected water source was calculated, and for each cluster, the median distance and the proportion of households within <500 m and >1500 m of such a water source. Cluster-specific sanitation coverage was ascertained using a random sample of 13 households per cluster. These parameters were included as covariates in randomization to optimize balance in water and sanitation access across treatment arms at the start of the trial. The observed high variability between clusters in both parameters suggests that constraining on these factors was needed to reduce risk of bias.