Complete loss of case and gender within two generations: evidence from Stamford Hill Hasidic Yiddish

Complete loss of case and gender within two generations: evidence from Stamford Hill Hasidic Yiddish
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两代人内案件和性别完全消失:来自斯坦福山哈西迪克意第绪语的证据

DOI:
10.1007/s10828-020-09119-9
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发表时间:
2020
期刊:
The Journal of Comparative Germanic Linguistics
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Belk Z
Belk Z
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
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作者:
Belk Z

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意第绪语是上个千年中欧和东欧犹太人的日常语言。由于在大屠杀期间使用者的极度流失,随后的地理分散以及缺乏机构支持,意第绪语现在是一种濒危语言。然而,它仍然是Haredi(严格正统)犹太人的母语和日常语言,他们生活在世界各地的紧密社区。我们已经进行了第一次的语言特点的研究,意第绪语口语在社区在伦敦的斯坦福德山。而Krogh(in:Aptroot,Aptroot et al.(eds.)Leket:Yiddish studies today,Düsseldorf University Press,Düsseldorf,pp 483-506,2012),Assouline(in:Aptroot,汉森(eds.)意第绪语语言结构,De Gruyter Mouton,柏林,第39-62页,2014),以及Sadock和Masor(J Jew Lang 6(1):89-110,2018),调查其他哈西德意第绪语社区,观察他们所描述的形态融合,在本文中,我们捍卫了当今斯坦福德希尔哈西德意第绪语完全缺乏形态格和性别的说法。我们证明,形态格和性别的丧失是两代人的语言变化的结果:虽然口语媒介的格和性别系统在第二次世界大战之前已经开始经历形态融合并显示出一些变化,情况和性别的区别明显存在于哈西德派和非哈西德派的心理语法,那个阶段说相关意第绪语方言的哈西德派人士。最后,我们确定了一些语言内部,社会语言学和历史因素,促成了这种快速和普遍的语言变化,并比较斯坦福德山哈西德意第绪语的发展,在北美的少数民族德语方言。
Yiddish was the everyday language spoken by most Central and East European Jews during the last millennium. As a result of the extreme loss of speakers during the Holocaust, subsequent geographic dispersal, and lack of institutional support, Yiddish is now an endangered language. Yet it continues to be a native and daily language for Haredi (strictly Orthodox) Jews, who live in close-knit communities worldwide. We have conducted the first study of the linguistic characteristics of the Yiddish spoken in the community in London’s Stamford Hill. While Krogh (in: Aptroot, Aptroot et al. (eds.) Leket: Yiddish studies today, Düsseldorf University Press, Düsseldorf, pp 483–506, 2012), Assouline (in: Aptroot, Hansen (eds.) Yiddish language structures, De Gruyter Mouton, Berlin, pp 39–62, 2014), and Sadock and Masor (J Jew Lang 6(1):89–110, 2018), investigating other Hasidic Yiddish-speaking communities, observe what they describe as morphological syncretism, in this paper we defend the claim that present-day Stamford Hill Hasidic Yiddish lacks morphological case and gender completely. We demonstrate that loss of morphological case and gender is the result of substantial language change over the course of two generations: while the case and gender system of the spoken medium was already beginning to undergo morphological syncretism and show some variation prior to World War II, case and gender distinctions were clearly present in the mental grammar of both Hasidic and non-Hasidic speakers of the relevant Yiddish dialects at that stage. We conclude the paper by identifying some of the language-internal, sociolinguistic and historical factors that have contributed to such rapid and pervasive language change, and compare the developments in Stamford Hill Hasidic Yiddish to those of minority German dialects in North America.
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