Detection of snow surface thawing and refreezing in the Eurasian Arctic with QuikSCAT: implications for reindeer herding
Detection of snow surface thawing and refreezing in the Eurasian Arctic with QuikSCAT: implications for reindeer herding
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DOI：
10.1890/09-1927.1
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发表时间：
2010-12-01
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Stammler, Florian
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bartsch, Annett;Kumpula, Timo;Stammler, Florian
雪况对驯鹿放牧起着重要作用。特别是，冰壳的形成后，雨对雪（ROS）的事件或一般的表面解冻与随后的refreezing阻碍觅食。这类事件可以利用卫星数据进行监测。根据QuikSCAT（Ku波段）上的有源微波传感器SeaWinds提供的数据，制定了一个环极尺度观测的监测计划，该传感器对雪面的变化很敏感。亚马尔半岛的地面观测用于算法开发。本文介绍了2001年秋季至2008年春季欧亚大陆北方在北纬60度以上地区的积雪再冻结模式。根据气候数据，西西伯利亚比中西伯利亚和东西伯利亚受到的影响更大，大多数事件发生在11月和4月。冬末的冰层对驯鹿的影响尤其不利，因为它们已经变得虚弱。亚马尔半岛位于高频率和低频率事件之间的过渡区。近年来，在整个半岛，每年冬天都不止一次地观察到重新结冰。南部地区平均每年冬季经历四次复冻事件。目前，牧民可以横向或南北向迁移，这取决于特定事件发生的地点和时间。然而，在半岛的北方形成冰壳可能会变得像现在在南部一样普遍。这种事态发展将进一步限制在半岛移徙的可能性。
Snow conditions play an important role for reindeer herding. In particular, the formation of ice crusts after rain-on-snow (ROS) events or general surface thawing with subsequent refreezing impedes foraging. Such events can be monitored using satellite data. A monitoring scheme has been developed for observation at the circumpolar scale based on data from the active microwave sensor SeaWinds on QuikSCAT (Ku-band), which is sensitive to changes on the snow surface. Ground observations on Yamal Peninsula were used for algorithm development. Snow refreezing patterns are presented for northern Eurasia above 60 degrees N from autumn 2001 to spring 2008. Western Siberia is more affected than Central and Eastern Siberia in accordance with climate data, and most events occur in November and April. Ice layers in late winter have an especially negative effect on reindeer as they are already weakened. Yamal Peninsula is located within a transition zone between high and low frequency of events. Refreezing was observed more than once a winter across the entire peninsula during recent years. The southern part experienced refreezing events on average four times each winter. Currently, herders can migrate laterally or north-south, depending on where and when a given event occurs. However, formation of ice crusts in the northern part of the peninsula may become as common as they are now in the southern part. Such a development would further constrain the possibility to migrate on the peninsula.