Effects of Neonicotinoid Insecticides on Physiology and Reproductive Characteristics of Captive Female and Fawn White-tailed Deer
Effects of Neonicotinoid Insecticides on Physiology and Reproductive Characteristics of Captive Female and Fawn White-tailed Deer
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DOI：
10.1038/s41598-019-40994-9
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发表时间：
2019-03-14
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Jensen, William F.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Berheim, Elise Hughes;Jenks, Jonathan A.;Jensen, William F.
在过去的十年中，蒙大拿州中西部的白尾鹿（Odocoileus virginianus）出现了异常。提出的解释这些异常现象的假设包括接触内分泌干扰农药，如吡虫啉。我们在南达科他州州立大学野生动物和渔业圈养设施中对吡虫啉的影响进行了实验评估，在该设施中，成年白尾雌鹿及其幼鹿被给予水性吡虫啉（未处理的对照，1，500 ng/L，3，000 ng/L和15，000 ng/L）。比较了不同治疗组的耗水量、甲状腺激素功能、行为反应以及头骨和颌骨测量结果。此外，肝脏，脾脏，生殖器和大脑的吡虫啉浓度测定酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）。结果表明，1）对照组鹿比处理组消耗更多的水，2）我们对照组的器官中存在吡虫啉，表明环境污染，3）随着吡虫啉在脾脏中的增加，小鹿存活率，甲状腺素水平，颌骨长度，体重和器官重量下降，4）成年雌性生殖器中的吡虫啉水平与生殖器重量呈负相关，5）行为学观察表明，成虫雌、幼仔脾脏中的吡虫啉浓度与活动水平呈负相关。结果表明，吡虫啉有直接影响白尾鹿时，在现场相关剂量管理。
Over the past decade, abnormalities have been documented in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in west-central Montana. Hypotheses proposed to explain these anomalies included contact with endocrine disrupting pesticides, such as imidacloprid. We evaluated the effects of imidacloprid experimentally at the South Dakota State University Wildlife and Fisheries Captive Facility where adult white-tailed deer females and their fawns were administered aqueous imidacloprid (an untreated control, 1,500 ng/L, 3,000 ng/L, and 15,000 ng/L). Water consumption, thyroid hormone function, behavioral responses, and skull and jawbone measurements were compared among treatments. Additionally, liver, spleen, genital, and brain imidacloprid concentrations were determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results indicated that 1) control deer consumed more water than treatment groups, 2) imidacloprid was present in the organs of our control group, indicating environmental contamination, 3) as imidacloprid increased in the spleen, fawn survival, thyroxine levels, jawbone lengths, body weight, and organ weights decreased, 4) adult female imidacloprid levels in the genitals were negatively correlated with genital organ weight and, 5) behavioral observations indicated that imidacloprid levels in spleens were negatively correlated with activity levels in adult females and fawns. Results demonstrate that imidacloprid has direct effects on white-tailed deer when administered at field-relevant doses.