Sombart and the Jews
Sombart and the Jews
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桑巴特和犹太人
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发表时间：
2015
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通讯作者：
M. Protti
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作者：
M. Protti
这篇文章的目的是以综合的形式收集和揭露桑巴特在他的《犹太人与经济学》（1911年）一书中所讨论的主要问题。桑巴特认为犹太人建立了现代资本主义，发明了金融实践（如信贷工具和担保权益），从而简化了货币和投资的流动（金融中介）。在这方面，它们得到了文本（《圣经》及其解释性评注）和属于犹太社区的人与陌生人之间的习惯做法的支持。由此产生的资本主义形式是一种金融和商业类型的资本主义，韦伯将其与资本主义的“现代”形式区分开来，并与之相对立，后者以工业和商品的合理生产为基础，并由新教伦理的典型特征所决定。桑巴特和韦伯之间的并列看到前者主张资本主义的历史和概念的表达，比后者提出的更复杂和更清晰。韦伯认为，由犹太人、陌生人和异教徒（与天主教相对，即新教徒）组成的“集团”建立了资本主义的原始版本，即犹太形式的资本主义，后来得到了《圣经》英译本的支持，得到了詹姆斯一世的敦促和授权，詹姆斯一世的影响力有力地影响了对“历史”对象的意识形态建构。
This essay has the purpose of collecting and exposing in synthetic form the main issues which Sombart treats in his book Die Juden und das Wirtschaftsleben, 1911. Sombart defends the view that the Jews have founded modern capitalism, inventing financial practices (such as credit instruments and security interests), thus easing the movement of money and investments (financial intermediation). In this they have been supported by texts (the Bible and its interpretative commentaries) and customary practices between people belonging to Jewish communities and strangers. The resulting form of capitalism is of a financial and commercial type, which Weber distinguishes from and opposes to the ‘modern’ form of capitalism, based on industry and rational production of goods, and determined by the typical character of Protestant ethics. The juxtaposition between Sombart and Weber sees the former arguing for a historical and conceptual articulation of capitalism that is more complex and articulated than the one posited by the latter. Weber believes that the ‘bloc’ formed by Jews, strangers and heretics (as opposed to Catholicism, that is, the Protestants) has founded capitalism in its original version, the Jewish form of capitalism, later supported by the English translation of the Bible, urged and authorized by James I, whose influence has powerfully affected the ideological construction of a ‘historic’ object.