Regulation of Nuclear Mechanics and the Impact on DNA Damage.

Regulation of Nuclear Mechanics and the Impact on DNA Damage.
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DOI:
10.3390/ijms22063178
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发表时间:
2021-03-20
影响因子:
5.6
通讯作者:
Toseland CP
Toseland CP
中科院分区:
生物学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Dos Santos Á;Toseland CP

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在真核细胞中,细胞核容纳细胞的基因组物质。细胞核的物理性质及其感知外部机械信号的能力与细胞事件的调节(如基因表达)密切相关。核力学和形态学在许多疾病中发生改变,如癌症和早衰综合征。因此,重要的是要了解不同的成分如何促进核过程,组织和机制,以及它们如何在疾病中被错误调节。虽然,多年来,研究一直集中在核纤层(一种位于染色质和核膜之间的中间丝蛋白)上,但越来越多的证据表明,染色质结构和调节染色质组织的因素对细胞核的物理性质起着至关重要的作用。在这里,我们审查的主要结构组成部分,有助于细胞核的机械性能,特别强调染色质结构。我们还提供了一个例子,说明核硬度如何影响细胞过程,并受到细胞过程的影响,如DNA损伤和修复。
In eukaryotic cells, the nucleus houses the genomic material of the cell. The physical properties of the nucleus and its ability to sense external mechanical cues are tightly linked to the regulation of cellular events, such as gene expression. Nuclear mechanics and morphology are altered in many diseases such as cancer and premature ageing syndromes. Therefore, it is important to understand how different components contribute to nuclear processes, organisation and mechanics, and how they are misregulated in disease. Although, over the years, studies have focused on the nuclear lamina—a mesh of intermediate filament proteins residing between the chromatin and the nuclear membrane—there is growing evidence that chromatin structure and factors that regulate chromatin organisation are essential contributors to the physical properties of the nucleus. Here, we review the main structural components that contribute to the mechanical properties of the nucleus, with particular emphasis on chromatin structure. We also provide an example of how nuclear stiffness can both impact and be affected by cellular processes such as DNA damage and repair.
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