Trichoderma atroviride P1 Colonization of Tomato Plants Enhances Both Direct and Indirect Defense Barriers Against Insects
Trichoderma atroviride P1 Colonization of Tomato Plants Enhances Both Direct and Indirect Defense Barriers Against Insects
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DOI：
10.3389/fphys.2019.00813
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发表时间：
2019-07-05
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Digilio, Maria Cristina
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Coppola, Mariangela;Cascone, Pasquale;Digilio, Maria Cristina
已知许多微生物根共生体可诱导不同水平的增强植物对多种病原体的保护。然而，最近的研究表明，有益微生物能够诱导植物的系统抗性，从而提供一定程度的昆虫保护。在这里，我们报告了在番茄植株中使用真菌生物防治剂深绿色木霉 P1 菌株的处理如何引起影响不同食性害虫的反应：夜蛾夜蛾 (Boisduval) 和蚜虫大戟 (Thomas)。我们观察到番茄植株与木霉 P1 的相互作用对蛾幼虫的发育和蚜虫的寿命产生负面影响。这些影响归因于木霉诱导的植物反应，该反应与多种防御相关基因的转录变化有关。虽然对蚜虫的影响可能与参与氧化爆发反应的基因上调有关，这种反应发生在防御反应的早期，但蛾幼虫的负面表现与编码保护性酶（即蛋白酶抑制剂 I (PI)、苏氨酸脱氨酶、亮氨酸氨肽酶 A1、精氨酸酶 2 和多酚氧化酶）的基因表达增强有关，这些酶在防御级联下游被激活。此外，木霉菌 P1 会改变植物代谢途径，导致挥发性有机化合物 (VOC) 的产生和释放，这些化合物参与吸引蚜虫寄生蜂蚜虫 (Aphidius ervi)，从而加强植物的间接防御屏障。我们的研究结果以及文献中提供的证据表明，植物、木霉和害虫之间三方相互作用的结果具有高度特异性，只有综合考虑昆虫表型变化和植物转录组改变的方法，才能可靠地预测其植物保护潜力。
Numerous microbial root symbionts are known to induce different levels of enhanced plant protection against a variety of pathogens. However, more recent studies have demonstrated that beneficial microbes are able to induce plant systemic resistance that confers some degree of protection against insects. Here, we report how treatments with the fungal biocontrol agent Trichoderma atroviride strain P1 in tomato plants induce responses that affect pest insects with different feeding habits: the noctuid moth Spodoptera littoralis (Boisduval) and the aphid Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas). We observed that the tomato plant-Trichoderma P1 interaction had a negative impact on the development of moth larvae and on aphid longevity. These effects were attributed to a plant response induced by Trichoderma that was associated with transcriptional changes of a wide array of defense-related genes. While the impact on aphids could be related to the up-regulation of genes involved in the oxidative burst reaction, which occur early in the defense reaction, the negative performance of moth larvae was associated with the enhanced expression of genes encoding for protective enzymes (i.e., Proteinase inhibitor I (PI), Threonine deaminase, Leucine aminopeptidase A1, Arginase 2, and Polyphenol oxidase) that are activated downstream in the defense cascade. In addition, Trichoderma P1 produced alterations in plant metabolic pathways leading to the production and release of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that are involved in the attraction of the aphid parasitoid Aphidius ervi, thus reinforcing the indirect plant defense barriers. Our findings, along with the evidence available in the literature, indicate that the outcome of the tripartite interaction among plant, Trichoderma, and pests is highly specific and only a comprehensive approach, integrating both insect phenotypic changes and plant transcriptomic alterations, can allow a reliable prediction of its potential for plant protection.